Sains Malaysiana 50(12)(2021): 3765-3772

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2021-5012-25

The High Occurrence of Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella spp. Isolated from Raw Chicken Meat and Contact Surfaces at Wet Market in Malaysia

(Kekerapan Kejadian Salmonella spp. Rintang Pelbagai Antibiotik Dipencilkan daripada Daging Ayam Mentah dan Permukaan Bersentuhan di Pasar Basah Malaysia)

ASIF SUKRI¹, SITI SHAHARA ZULFAKAR², ILLYA SYAHIRAH MOHD TAIB³, NURUL FATHIAH OMAR³ & NORAZIAH MOHAMAD ZIN³*

¹Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Puncak Alam Campus, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

²Environmental Health & Industrial Safety Programme, Centre for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia

³Programme of Biomedical Science, Centre for Diagnostic, Therapeutic, & Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia

Received: 29 September 2021/Accepted: 2 December 2021

ABSTRACT

Post-slaughter processing steps during poultry meat production contribute to Salmonella contamination and may transmit multidrug-resistant Salmonella to chicken meats and contact surfaces. This study was undertaken to identify Salmonella spp. strains isolated from chicken meats and their contact surfaces, and to determine their antibiotic resistance profiles. A total of 20 samples were collected from raw chicken meat and its contact surfaces from a shop in Pasar Chow Kit, Kuala Lumpur. Identification of presumptive Salmonella colonies was conducted by using biochemical tests and multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Antibiotic susceptibility test was conducted by using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method against 11 antibiotics. Salmonella enterica Group I was only detected in seven samples. The antibiogram testing showed that all the seven Salmonella isolates (100%) were multidrug-resistant and all isolates were resistant to penicillin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, and tetracycline. Resistance towards trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, amoxicillin and ampicillin was observed in four isolates. However, sensitivity was recorded for cephalexin, cefoxitin, cefotaxime, and ceftriaxone in six isolates. The highest multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index of 1.00 (resistance to all eleven antibiotics tested) was observed in one isolate (P2) while the lowest MAR index of 0.36 (resistance to four antibiotics tested) was observed in three isolates (CB, M2 and M3). Our results demonstrated that raw chicken and meat contact surface were a source of multidrug-resistant Salmonella and can contribute to significant health concern in Malaysia. Stringent hygienic procedure during chicken meat processing should be therefore be practised.

Keywords: Antibiotic susceptibility; multidrug-resistant Salmonella; raw chicken meat; Salmonella spp.; wet market

ABSTRAK

Langkah pasca penyembelihan semasa pemprosesan daging ayam menyumbang kepada pencemaran dan penularan Salmonella yang rintang terhadap pelbagai antibiotik dalam daging ayam pada permukaan yang bersentuhan. Kajian ini telah dijalankan untuk mengenal pasti strain Salmonella spp. yang dipencilkan daripada daging ayam dan daripada permukaan bersentuhan dan seterusnya digunakan untuk menentukan profil kerintangan antibiotik. Sejumlah 20 sampel telah diambil daripada daging ayam mentah dan permukaan bersentuhan daripada sebuah kedai di pasar basah Chow Kit yang terletak di Kuala Lumpur. Pengenalpastian koloni Salmonella telah dijalankan menggunakan ujian biokimia dan tindak balas polimerase berantai (PCR). Ujian kerentanan antibiotik telah dilakukan menggunakan kaedah resapan piring Kirby-Bauer terhadap 11 antibiotik. Salmonella enterica Kumpulan I telah dikesan dalam tujuh sampel. Ujian antibiogram menunjukkan semua pencilan Salmonella rintang terhadap pelbagai antibiotik dan semua pencilan rintang terhadap Penisilin, Kloramfenikol, Eritromisin dan Tetrasiklin. Kerintangan terhadap Trimetoprim-Sulfametoksazol, Amoksilin dan Ampisilin diperhatikan dalam empat pencilan Salmonella. Namun, empat pencilan tersebut rentan terhadap Sefalekin, Sefositin, Sefotaksim dan Seftriakson. Indeks kepelbagaian rintangan antibiotik (MAR) paling tinggi iaitu 1.00 (rintang terhadap sebelas antibiotik yang diuji) telah diperhatikan dalam satu pencilan (P2) manakala indeks MAR paling rendah iaitu 0.36 (rintang terhadap empat antibiotik) diperhatikan dalam tiga pencilan (CB, M2 dan M3). Hasil kajian menunjukkan daging ayam mentah dan permukaan bersentuhan dengan daging merupakan sumber Salmonella rintang terhadap pelbagai antibiotik dan boleh menyumbang kepada masalah kesihatan di Malaysia. Prosedur kebersihan yang ketat semasa pemprosesan daging ayam perlu diamalkan.

Kata kunci: Daging ayam mentah; Salmonella spp.; Salmonella rintang pelbagai antibiotik; pasar basah; ujian kerentanan antibiotik

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*Corresponding author; email: noraziah.zin@ukm.edu.my