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Sains Malaysiana 50(1)(2021): 201-206
http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2021-5001-20
Startle
Habituation: A Tool for Assessing Information Processing Deficits in Zebrafish
Model of Schizophrenia
(Kejutan
Habituasi: Suatu Alat untuk Menilai Maklumat Defisit Pemprosesan pada Model
Ikan Zebra Skizofrenia)
WEN-YANG
PNG1, PEK-YEE TANG1, SATOSHI OGAWA2, ISHWAR
PARHAR2, SIEW-YING MOK1*
1Department
of Mechatronics and Biomedical Engineering, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Sungai Long, Bandar Sungai Long, Cheras, 43000 Kajang, Selangor
Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
2Brain
Research Institute, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash
University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
Received:
10 April 2020/Accepted: 19 June 2020
ABSTRACT
Prepulse
inhibition (PPI) and habituation of acoustic startle reflex have been
extensively used to assess deficits in the sensorimotor functions of human
patients and animal models of schizophrenia. These assays require expensive and
sophisticated experimental setup for fine control of acoustic stimuli and sound
attenuation. In this study, we investigate whether startle habituation assay
based on mechanical (tap) stimuli can induce similar impairment in
the habituation response in the schizophrenia model of larval zebrafish. For
this purpose, a custom startle apparatus consisting of a 9 V push and pull
solenoid and an Arduino Uno microcontroller was used to generate tap
stimuli at desired intervals. Our results showed that tap stimuli at 1 Hz
effectively evoked startle response in the control fishes which habituated
after a few trials. The habituation response was significantly impaired in the
MK801-induced schizophrenia model, similar to that elicited by acoustic startle
stimuli in a previous study. We propose this simple and inexpensive method as
an alternative tool for studying information processing and attention deficits
in the pharmacological model of schizophrenia in zebrafish.
Keywords: Habituation; schizophrenia; startle; tap
stimuli; zebrafish
ABSTRAK
Inhibisi prepulse dan habituasi
refleks kejutan akustik telah digunakan secara meluas untuk menilai defisit dalam fungsi sensorimotor
pesakit dan model haiwan skizofrenia. Ujian sebelum ini memerlukan peralatan uji kaji yang
mahal dan canggih untuk kawalan halus rangsangan akustik dan pelemahan bunyi. Dalam
kajian ini, kami mengkaji sama ada ujian habituasi berdasarkan rangsangan mekanikal
(ketukan) boleh menyebabkan kemerosotan yang sama dalam tindak balas seperti
yang ditunjukkan dalam model habituasi skizofrenia ikan zebra. Untuk tujuan ini, kami membina radas
yang terdiri daripada solenoid tolak-dan-tarik dan mikropengawal Arduino Uno untuk
menjana rangsangan mekanikal mengikut selangan yang dikehendaki. Hasil kajian
kami menunjukkan bahawa rangsangan ketukan pada 1 Hz berkesan menimbulkan
tindak balas kejutan kepada ikan kelompok kawalan dan menunjukkan habituasi
selepas beberapa set rangsangan mekanikal. Tindak balas habituasi dalam model
skizofrenia yang diinduksikan oleh MK801 terjejas dengan ketara, sama seperti
yang ditunjukkan dalam kajian rangsangan akustik sebelum ini. Kami mencadangkan
kaedah yang mudah dan berpatutan ini sebagai alternatif untuk mengkaji
pemprosesan maklumat dan defisit perhatian dalam model farmakologi skizofrenia
ikan zebra.
Kata kunci: Habituasi;
ikan zebra; kejutan; rangsangan mekanikal; skizofrenia
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*Corresponding author; email: moksy@utar.edu.my
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