Sains Malaysiana 50(1)(2021): 45-52

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2021-5001-05

Genetic Variance and Correlation of Forage Yield and Quality Traits in Tropically Adapted Maize

(Varians Genetik dan Kolerasi Hasil Foraj dan Ciri Kualiti terhadap Jagung Disesuai Tropika)

NAZATUL SHIMA NAHARUDIN, MAIZURA ABU SIN & GHIZAN SALEH*

Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

Received: 15 July 2019/Accepted: 24 June 2020

ABSTRACT

Two F₂ populations segregating for biomass yield and forage quality traits were developed from two separate crosses of tropically adapted maize inbred lines. The parental, F₁ and F₂ generations of both crosses were evaluated to estimate broad sense heritability, genetic advance and correlations for these traits to suggest the best traits as selection criteria towards breeding forage maize with high yield and quality. In Cross 1, biomass yield trait with the highest broad-sense heritability was plant height (70.03%), whereas forage quality trait with the highest heritability estimate was crude protein content (66.60%). Heritability estimates in Cross 2 were high for all biomass yield traits and forage quality traits (>50% for all traits). Indigestible cell wall component represented by acid detergent lignin content was found to be highly heritable in both populations. High genetic advance as percent of mean were found for fresh and dry plant yield as well as for lignin content in both populations. Correlation analysis on all traits showed that all biomass yield components were significantly correlated. All traits related to cell wall content were positively correlated and acid detergent lignin was positively correlated with dry plant yield. Traits with high to moderate heritability and high predicted genetic advance, namely plant height, fresh plant yield and protein content can be used as selection criteria to improve maize biomass yield and nutritive quality for forage utilization. Selecting for higher biomass yield would also result in selecting individuals with higher lignin content as shown by the correlation analysis.

Keywords: Correlation; forage yield and quality traits; genetic advance; heritability; maize

ABSTRAK

Dua populasi F₂ yang bersegregasi bagi ciri hasil biojisim dan kualiti foraj dihasilkan daripada kacukan dua pasangan baris biak baka jagung tropika. Induk, generasi F₁ dan F₂ bagi kedua-dua kacukan tersebut dinilai untuk menganggar kebolehwarisan luas, kemajuan genetik, dan kolerasi bagi ciri hasil biojisim dan kualiti foraj untuk mencadangkan ciri terbaik sebagai kriteria pemilihan ke arah menghasilkan baka jagung foraj berhasil tinggi dan berkualiti. Bagi Kacukan 1, ciri biojisim yang mempunyai kebolehwarisan tertinggi adalah ketinggian tumbuhan (70.03%) manakala ciri kualiti foraj dengan nilai kebolehwarisan tertinggi adalah kandungan protein (66.60%). Anggaran kebolehwarisan bagi Kacukan 2 adalah tinggi bagi semua ciri hasil biojisim dan kualiti foraj (<50%). Komponen dinding sel yang tidak terhadam iaitu kandungan lignin asid detergen mempunyai anggaran nilai kebolehwarisan yang tinggi bagi kedua-dua populasi. Anggaran kemajuan genetik sebagai peratus min untuk kedua-dua populasi dilaporkan tinggi bagi hasil tumbuhan segar dan kering, juga bagi kandungan lignin asid detergen. Analisis kolerasi bagi semua ciri menunjukkan bahawa semua ciri hasil biojisim berkolerasi secara signifikan. Semua ciri yang berkaitan dengan kandungan dinding sel berkolerasi secara positif dan kandungan lignin detergen asid juga berkolerasi secara positif dengan hasil tumbuhan kering. Ciri yang mempunyai nilai kebolehwarisan sederhana kepada tinggi dan mempunyai nilai kemajuan genetik sebagai peratus min yang tinggi, seperti ketinggian tumbuhan, hasil tumbuhan segar dan kandungan protein boleh dijadikan sebagai kriteria pemilihan dalam menambah hasil biojisim dan kualiti nutrisi jagung foraj. Pemilihan bagi tanaman berbiojisim tinggi juga turut meningkatkan kandungan lignin seperti yang didapati dalam analisis korelasi.

Kata kunci: Hasil biojisim dan kualiti foraj; jagung; kebolehwarisan; kemajuan genetik; kolerasi

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*Corresponding author; email: ghizan@upm.edu.my