Sains Malaysiana 50(1)(2021): 85-92

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2021-5001-09

Physicochemical Characterization of Jatropha podagrica Seed Oil for Potential Biodiesel Production and other Industrial Applications in Thailand

(Pencirian Fisikokimia Minyak Biji Jatropha podagrica bagi Pengeluaran Biodisel Berpotensi dan Aplikasi Industri lain di Thailand)

DUANGPORN PREMJET¹, ABRAHAM KUSI OBENG², HAH YOUNG YOO³, SEUNG WOOK KIM⁴ & SIRIPONG PREMJET⁵*

¹Centre of Excellence in Research for Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture Natural Resources and Environment, Naresuan University, Muang Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand

²Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biosciences, University for Development Studies, P.O. Box TL 1882, Tamale, Ghana

³Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Korea

⁴Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea

⁵Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Muang Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand

Received: 18 July 2019/Accepted: 6 July 2020

ABSTRACT

Jatropha is considered as one of the most promising potential oil sources for biodiesel production and other industrial applications. However, research on the potential of Jatropha seed oil is mainly focused on Jatropha curcas, with other species receiving little attention. The physicochemical properties of J. podagrica seed oil was studied to determine its potential as feedstock for biodiesel production and other industrial applications in Thailand. The seed oil was extracted with n-hexane from milled kernels using the soxhlet extractor and subsequently characterised for free fatty acids, iodine value, viscosity, saponification value, density, and acid value. The fatty acid profile of the seed oil was also analysed using gas chromatography (GC). Analysis of the physical properties of the J. podagrica seed kernel showed lower average physical characteristics when compared to those of J. curcas seed kernel. J. podagrica seeds had high oil content comparable to J. curcas oil content. The main fatty acid components of the seed oil were oleic acid (15%) and linoleic acid (70%). Generally, the results of the physicochemical analysis indicated that J. podagrica seed oil would be very useful for the production of soap and shampoo in Thailand. To produce biodiesel from the seed oil, a two-step acid-catalysed transesterification process would be appropriate.

Keywords: Biodiesel; Jatropha curcas; Jatropha podagrica; methyl esters; non-edible oil

ABSTRAK

Jatropha dianggap sebagai salah satu sumber minyak yang sangat berpotensi untuk pengeluaran biodiesel dan aplikasi industri lain. Walau bagaimanapun, penyelidikan mengenai potensi minyak biji Jatropha hanya difokuskan ke atas Jatropha curcas manakala spesies lain kurang mendapat perhatian. Sifat fizikokimia minyak biji J. podagrica telah dikaji untuk menentukan potensinya sebagai bahan untuk pengeluaran biodiesel dan aplikasi industri lain di Thailand. Minyak biji telah diekstrak dengan n-heksana daripada isirong yang telah digiling menggunakan pengekstrak soxhlet dan kemudiannya dicirikan untuk asid lemak bebas, nilai iodin, kelikatan, nilai saponifikasi, ketumpatan dan nilai asid. Profil asid lemak minyak biji juga dianalisis menggunakan kromatografi gas (GC). Analisis sifat fizikal isirong biji J. podagrica menunjukkan purata ciri fizikal yang lebih rendah jika dibandingkan dengan isirong biji J. curcas. Biji J. podagrica mempunyai kandungan minyak yang tinggi standing dengan kandungan minyak J. curcas. Komponen utama asid lemak bagi minyak biji adalah asid oleik (15%) dan asid linoleik (70%). Secara umumnya, hasil analisis fizikokimia menunjukkan bahawa minyak biji J. podagrica akan sangat berguna untuk pengeluaran sabun dan syampu di Thailand. Untuk menghasilkan biodiesel daripada minyak biji, proses transesterifikasi pemangkin asid dua langkah adalah bersesuaian.

Kata kunci: Biodiesel; Jatropha curcas; Jatropha podagrica; metil ester; minyak yang tidak boleh dimakan

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*Corresponding author; email: siripongp@nu.ac.th