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Sains Malaysiana 50(2)(2021): 507-514
http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2021-5002-21
Production of Porous Stainless
Steel using the Space Holder Method
TAN
KOON TATT1,2*, NORHAMIDI MUHAMAD3, ANDANASTUTI MUCHTAR3,
ABU BAKAR SULONG3 & KOK YIH SHIA3
1Faculty of Engineering & Built
Environment, MAHSA University, Bandar Saujana Putra, 42610 Jenjarom, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
2School of Science & Technology, Wawasan Open University, 54, Jalan Sultan Ahmad Shah, 10050
Penang, Malaysia
3Centre for Materials Engineering and Smart
Manufacturing, Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of
Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi,
Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
Received:
10 January 2020/Accepted: 27 July 2020
ABSTRACT
Metallic
foams and porous materials can be produced by various methods. Among the
methods that can produce metallic foams and porous materials, powder metallurgy
is a promising method. This study investigates the production of a porous
stainless steel by the space holder method in powder metallurgy. A novel space
holder i.e. glycine and binder consisting of polymethylmethacrylate and stearic
acid are used. Different amounts of glycine are added to the mixture of
stainless-steel powder and binder. Subsequently, each mixture is cold-pressed
at a pressure of 9-ton m-2. The samples are sintered at 1050 and
1150 °C with holding times of 30, 60, and 90 min. The microstructures and
physical and mechanical properties of the sintered samples are investigated. A
porous stainless steel with porosity ranging from 30.8 to 51.4% is successfully
fabricated. Results show that the glycine content and sintering parameters
influence the properties of the porous stainless steel. The sintering
temperature significantly affects volumetric shrinkage. Volumetric shrinkage
decreases as the volume fraction of glycine increases to 30% whereas sintering
temperature 1150 °C and holding time 90 min will increase the volumetric
shrinkage. The compressive yield strength and corresponding elastic modulus are
in the ranges of 22.9 to 57.6 MPa and 6.3 to 26.8 GPa,
respectively. The samples produced have potential biomedical applications
because their mechanical properties, yield strength and elastic modulus match
those of human bones.
Keywords: Metal foam; porous stainless steel;
sintered steel; space holder
ABSTRAK
Logam berbusa dan bahan berliang dapat dihasilkan dengan pelbagai kaedah. Antara kaedah yang boleh menghasilkan logam berbusa dan bahan berliang, metalurgi serbuk adalah kaedah yang berpotensi.Penyelidikan ini mengkaji penghasilan keluli tahan karat berliang dengan kaedah pengisi pemegang ruang melalui metalurgi serbuk. Pengisi pemegang ruang terbaru iaitu glisina dan pengikat yang terdiri daripada polimetil metaklirat dan asid stearik digunakan. Jumlah kuantiti glisina yang berbeza ditambah kepada campuran serbuk keluli tahan karat dan pengikat. Selanjutnya, setiap campuran dimampat-sejuk dengan tekanan 9-ton m-2. Sampel disinter pada 1050 dan 1150 ℃ dengan masa pensinteran 30, 60 dan 90 minit. Mikrostruktur, sifat fizikal dan sifat mekanikal sampel dikaji. Keluli tahan karat berliang dengan keliangan dari 30.8 hingga 51.4% berjaya dihasilkan. Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa kandungan glisina dan parameter pensinteran mempengaruhi sifat keluli tahan karat berliang. Suhu pensinteran sangat menpengaruhi pengecutan isi padu. Pengecutan isi padu menurun apabila pecahan isi padu glisina meningkat kepada 30% sedangkan suhu pensinteran 1050 °C dan masa pensinteran 90 minit akan meningkatkan pengecutan isi padu. Kekuatan mampatan dan modus anjal adalah dalam lingkungan 22.9 ke 57.6 MPa dan 6.3 ke 26.8 GPa. Sampel yang dihasilkan berpotensi diaplikasikan dalam bidang bioperubatan kerana sifat mekanikalnya: Kekuatan mampatan dan modulus anjal sepadan dengan sifat mekanikal tulang manusia.
Kata kunci: Keluli disinter; keluli tahan karat berliang; logam berbusa; pengisi pemegang ruang
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*Corresponding
author; email: sean@mahsa.edu.my
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