Sains Malaysiana 50(3)(2021): 699-709

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2021-5003-12

Character Interrelationships and Path Analysis for Yield Components in MPOB-Senegal Oil Palm Germplasm

(Salinghubung Ciri dan Analisis Lintasan untuk Komponen Hasil pada Germplasma Kelapa Sawit MPOB-Senegal)

KHIN AYE MYINT¹, MOHD DIN AMIRUDDIN²*, MOHD Y. RAFII⁴, MOHD YUSOFF ABD SAMAD³, SHAIRUL IZAN RAMLEE^1,4, ZULKIFLI YAAKUB² & YUSUFF OLADOSU¹

¹Laboratory of Climate-Smart Food Crop Production, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

²Advanced Biotechnology and Breeding Centre, Malaysian Palm Oil Board 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

³Department of Soil Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

⁴Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

Received: 5 February 2020/Accepted: 18 August 2020

ABSTRACT

Phenotypic associations among yield-related traits and the pattern of influence in crops are useful in evaluating, planning and selection criteria for the desirable traits. This research aimed to evaluate linear correlations and estimate the direct and indirect effects among morphological traits on oil yield of MPOB-Senegal germplasm. Data were collected annually for successive eight years (2000 to 2007) and was estimated for the phenotypic correlations, and decomposition into direct and indirect effects using path coefficient analysis. The result of the correlation and path coefficient analysis showed significant highly positive relations between some yield components and oil yield. Oil to wet mesocarp (OTWM) and bunch number (BNO) had high positive direct effect on oil yield while fresh fruit bunch (FFB), oil to fiber (OTF), fruit to bunch (FTB), and average bunch weight (ABWT) showed indirect effect on oil yield. In improvement of palm oil yield, traits that show high direct and/or indirect effect on oil yield should be considered.  Hence, FFB, OTF, FTB, OTWM, and ABWT have maximum direct and indirect effect can be used effectively for the improvement of the palm oil yield of the MPOB-Senegal oil palm germplasm.

Keywords: Oil palm germplasm; oil palm yield; path coefficient analysis; phenotypic correlation

ABSTRAK

Hubungan fenotip antara trait yang berkaitan dengan hasil dan pola pengaruh terhadap tanaman adalah berguna dalam menilai, merancang dan memilih kriteria untuk trait yang diingini. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menilai korelasi linear dan menganggarkan kesan langsung dan tidak langsung trait morfologi ke atas hasil minyak sawit germplasma MPOB-Senegal. Data tahunan dikumpulkan selama lapan tahun berturut-turut (2000 hingga 2007) dan dianggarkan untuk korelasi fenotip, serta penghuraian kepada kesan langsung dan tidak langsung menggunakan analisis pekali lintasan. Hasil daripada korelasi dan analisis pekali lintasan menunjukkan terdapat hubungan positif yang ketara antara sebahagian komponen hasil dengan hasil minyak. Minyak ke mesokarpa basah (OTWM) dan bilangan tandan (BNO) mempunyai kesan langsung yang positif  terhadap hasil minyak, manakala buah tandan segar (FFB), minyak ke serat (OTF), buah ke tandan (FTB) dan purata berat tandan (ABWT) memberikan kesan tidak langsung terhadap hasil minyak. Dalam penambahbaikan hasil minyak sawit, trait yang mempunyai kesan langsung dan/atau tidak langsung yang ketara terhadap hasil minyak perlulah dipertimbangkan. Oleh yang demikian, trait FFB, OTF, FTB, OTWM dan ABWT yang mempunyai kesan langsung dan tidak langsung dapat digunakan dengan berkesan bagi penambahbaikan hasil minyak sawit germplasma MPOB-Senegal.

Kata kunci: Analisis pekali lintasan; germplasma kelapa sawit; hasil minyak kelapa sawit; korelasi fenotip

REFERENCES

Abdullah, N., Yusop, M.R., Ithnin, M., Saleh, G. & Latif, M.A. 2011. Genetic variability of oil palm parental genotypes and performance of its’ progenies as revealed by molecular markers and quantitative traits. Comptes Rendus Biologies 334(4): 290-299.

Arunkumar, B. 2013. Genetic variability, character association and path analysis studies in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench). The Bioscan 8(4): 1485-1488.

Ataga, C.D. 1995. Character interrelationships and path coefficient analysis for oil yield in the oil palm. Annals of Applied Biology 127(1): 157-162.

Bagheri, N., Babaeian-Jelodar, N. & Pasha, A. 2011. Path coefficient analysis for yield and yield components in diverse rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes. Biharean Biologist 5(1): 32-35.

Balakrishna, P., Pinnamaneni, R., Pavani, K.V. & Mathur, R.K. 2018. Correlation and path coefficient analysis in Indian oil palm genotypes. Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 12(1): 195-207.

Breure, C.J. & Powell, M.S. 1988. The one-shot method of establishing growth parameters in oil palm. IPMKSM. In Proceedings of the 1987 International Oil Palm/Palm Oil Conferences Progress and Prospects Conference 1: Agriculture. pp. 203-209.

Corley, R.H.V., Hardon, J.J. & Tan, G.Y. 1971. Analysis of growth of the oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) I. Estimation of growth parameters and application in breeding. Euphytica 20(2): 307-315.

de Almeida Rios, S., da Cunha, R.N.V., Lopes, R., Barcelos, E., da Rocha, R.N.C. & de Lima, W.A.A. 2018. Correlation and path analysis for yield components in dura oil palm germplasm. Industrial Crops and Products 112: 724-733.

Drikvand, R., Samiei, K. & Hossinpor, T. 2011. Path coefficient analysis in hull-less barley under rainfed condition. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 5(12): 277-279.

Gupta, A., Pant, N.C., Dwivedi, U., Tiwari, S., Pandey, C.S., Dhoundiyal, R., Maurya, K.N. & Verma, O.P. 2018. Studies on correlation and path coefficient analysis for yield and yield related traits in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern & Coss.) under timely and late sown conditions. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 7(2): 2545-2551.

Krualee, S., Sdoodee, S., Eksomtramage, T. & Sereeprasert, V. 2013. Correlation and path analysis of palm oil yield components in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.). Agriculture and Natural Resources 47(4): 528-533.

Majumder, D.A.N., Hassan, L., Rahim, M.A. & Kabir, M.A. 2012. Correlation and path coefficient analysis of mango (Mangifera indica L.). Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research 37(3): 493-503.

Misangu, R.N., Azmio, A.A., Reuben, S.O.W.M., Kusolwa, P.M. & Mulungu, L.S. 2007. Path coefficient analysis among components of yield in bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea L. Verdc) landraces under screen house conditions. Journal of Agronomy 6(2): 317-323.

Myint, K.A., Amiruddin, M.D., Rafii, M.Y., Abd Samad, M.Y., Ramlee, S.I., Yaakub, Z. & Oladosu, Y. 2019. Genetic diversity and selection criteria of MPOB-Senegal oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) germplasm by quantitative traits. Industrial Crops and Products 139: 111558.

Noh, A. 2007. Genetic performance of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) progenies from different dura sources in crosses with AVROS pisifera. PhD Thesis. Serdang: Universiti Putra Malaysia (Unpublished).

Noh, A., Rafii, M.Y., Saleh, G. & Kushairi, A. 2010. Genetic performance of 40 Deli dura × AVROS pisifera full sib families. Journal of Oil Palm Research 22: 781-795.

Norziha, A. 2008. Genetic diversity among oil palm parental genotypes revealed by microsatellite polymorphism and its relationship to progeny performance. Masters Thesis. Selangor: Universiti Putra Malaysia (Unpublished).

Oboh, B.O. & Fakorede, M.A.B. 1990. Interrelations among vegetative, yield and bunch quality traits in short-term oil palm progenies. Euphytica 46(1): 7-14.

Okoye, M.N., Okwuangwa, C.O. & Uguru, M.I. 2009. Population improvement for fresh fruit bunch        yield    and   yield    components      in         oil        palm    (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.). American-Eurasian Journal of Scientific Research 4(2): 59-63.

Oladosu, Y., Rafii, M.Y., Magaji, U., Abdullah, N., Miah, G., Chukwu, S.C., Hussin, G., Ramli, A. & Kareem, I. 2018. Genotypic and phenotypic relationship among yield components in rice under tropical conditions. BioMed Research International 2018: 8936767.

Pachauri, P., Kandalkar, V.S. & Satankar, N. 2018. Analysis of genetic variability and path coefficient for yield and yield contributing traits in cultivated and synthetic wheat and their interspecific crosses. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 7(Special Issue 2): 83-87.

Rafii, M.Y., Kushairi, A., Rajanaidu, N. & Jalani, B.S. 2001. Relative efficiency between independent completely randomized and randomized complete block designs in oil palm breeding trials. In Cutting-edge Technologies for Sustained Competitiveness: Proceedings of the 2001 PIPOC International Palm Oil Congress, Agriculture Conference. pp. 509-519.

Rafii, M.Y., Rajanaidu, N., Jalani, B.S. & Kushairi, A. 2002. Performance and heritability estimations on oil palm progenies tested in different environments. Journal of Oil Palm Research 14(1): 15-24.

Ratner, B. 2009. The correlation coefficient: Its values range between & plus, 1/– 1, or do they & quest. Journal of Targeting, Measurement and Analysis for Marketing 17(2): 139-142.

Tanya, P., Hadkam, Y., Taeprayoon, P. & Srinives, P. 2013. Estimates of repeatability and path coefficient of bunch and fruit traits in Bang Boet dura oil palm. Journal of Oil Palm Research 25(1): 108-115.

Usman, M.G., Rafii, M.Y., Martini, M.Y., Oladosu, Y. & Kashiani, P. 2016. Genotypic character relationship and phenotypic path coefficient analysis in chili pepper genotypes grown under tropical condition. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 97(4): 1164-1171.

Wright, S. 1921. Correlation and causation. Journal of Agricultural Research 1(20): 557-585.

Yol, E., Karaman, E., Furat, S. & Uzun, B. 2010. Assessment of selection criteria in sesame by using correlation coefficients, path and factor analyses. Australian Journal of Crop Science 4(8): 598-602.

*Corresponding author; email: mohddin@mpob.gov.my