Sains Malaysiana 50(5)(2021): 1221-1232

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2021-5005-03

Penilaian Sistem Suntikan Gas Biohidrogen menerusi Tetapan Arduino menggunakan Kultur Mikroalga Tempatan melalui Kaedah Fermentasi Fotosintesis dan Gelap

(Assessment of Biohydrogen Injection System through Arduino Setting in Photosynthetic and Dark Fermentation by Local Microalgae Culture)

KAMRUL FAKIR KAMARUDIN^1,2, NUR FARAH MOHD SHUKURI^3,4, NAZLINA HAIZA MOHD YASIN⁵*, SURESH THANAKODI^6,7, AZIZI MISKON³ & MOHD SOBRI TAKRIFF¹

¹Jabatan Kejuruteraan Kimia dan Proses, Fakulti Kejuruteraan dan Alam Bina, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

²Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi Industri, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia

³Jabatan Kejuruteraan Elektrikal dan Elektronik, Fakulti Kejuruteraan, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kem Sg. Besi, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan, Malaysia

⁴Institut Penerbangan 1, Kolej Tentera Udara, 06200 Kepala Batas, Alor Setar, Kedah Darul Aman, Malaysia

⁵Jabatan Sains Biologi dan Bioteknologi, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

⁶Jabatan Sains dan Teknologi Maritim, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi Pertahanan, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kem Sg. Besi, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan, Malaysia

⁷Pusat Kecemerlangan Penyelidikan Maritim (MAREC), Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kem Sg. Besi, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan, Malaysia

Received: 3 October 2019/Accepted: 3 October 2020

ABSTRAK

Biohidrogen (gas hidrogen yang terhasil melalui kaedah biologi) ialah salah satu sumber tenaga mampan yang boleh diaplikasi untuk penjanaan elektrik. Hasil tindak balas pembakaran gas hidrogen menghasilkan air tanpa pelepasan gas rumah hijau. Mikroalga merupakan salah satu mikroorganisma yang boleh menghasilkan biohidrogen secara fermentasi fotosintesis dan gelap. Dalam kajian ini, mikroalga tempatan, Chlamydomonas sp. UKM6 telah digunakan untuk menghasilkan biohidrogen menggunakan kedua-dua kaedah fermentasi dalam keadaan anaerobik. Fermentasi fotosintesis dijalankan menggunakan kultur UKM6 yang hidup di bawah sinaran cahaya manakala fermentasi gelap dijalankan dengan menggunakan biojisim UKM6 yang diinokulasi dengan enapcemar daripada efluen kilang kelapa sawit (POME). Gas hidrogen yang terhasil disuntik secara automatik ke dalam sistem sel bahan api menggunakan Arduino Uno yang telah dibangunkan. Dengan menggunakan data yang dipaparkan daripada program tetapan Arduino, biojisim UKM6 dalam fermentasi gelap menghasilkan gas hidrogen dan nilai voltan purata tertinggi masing-masing pada kepekatan 30.89 ppm dan 0.92 mV. Berdasarkan keputusan yang diperoleh, dapat disimpulkan bahawa mikroalga berpotensi menjana tenaga melalui penghasilan biohidrogen yang dapat terus dianalisa menggunakan teknologi sel bahan api. Sistem ini jelas dapat dapat diperbaiki lagi pada masa akan datang untuk mengukur penjanaan tenaga secara terus dengan berkesan.

Kata kunci: Arduino uno; biohidrogen; Chlamydomonas sp.; sel bahan api

ABSTRACT

Biohydrogen (a hydrogen gas produced by biological methods) is one of the most sustainable sources of energy for electricity generation. Hydrogen gas combustion produces only water without the release of greenhouse gases emission. Microalgae are the microorganisms that can produce biohydrogen through photosynthesis and dark fermentation. In this study, the local microalgae isolate, Chlamydomonas sp. UKM6 has been used to generate biohydrogen using both fermentation methods under anaerobic conditions. Photosynthesis fermentation was carried out using the live culture of UKM6 under continuous illumination while dark fermentation was carried out using the biomass of UKM6 with the palm oil mill effluent (POME) sludge as an inoculum. The resulting hydrogen gas is automatically injected into the fuel cell system using the newly developed Arduino Uno. Using data presented from the Arduino settings program, the biomass of UKM6 in dark fermentation produces the highest hydrogen gas and voltage at 30.89 ppm and 0.92 mV, respectively. Based on the results, it can be concluded that microalgae have the potential to generate energy through the production of biohydrogen which can be further analyzed using fuel cell technology. This system can be further improved in the future to measure energy generated directly and effectively.

Keywords: Arduino uno; biohydrogen; Chlamydomonas sp.; fuel cell

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*Corresponding author; email: nazlinayasin@ukm.edu.my