Sains Malaysiana 50(5)(2021): 1285-1295

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2021-5005-09

Protective Effects of Acehnese Traditionally Fermented Coconut Oil (Pliek U Oil) and its Residue (Pliek U) in Ointment against UV Light Exposure: Studies on Male Wistar Rat Skin (Rattus novergicus)

(Kesan Pelindung Minyak Kelapa Aceh yang Difermentasi secara Tradisi (Minyak Pliek U) dan Sisanya (Pliek U) dalam Salap terhadap Pendedahan Cahaya UV: Kajian pada Kulit Tikus Wistar Lelaki (Rattus novergicus))

NANDA EARLIA^1,2,3, MIKYAL BULQIAH^2,3, MUSLEM MUSLEM⁴, TAUFIQ KARMA⁵, RIVANSYAH SUHENDRA⁶, AGA MAULANA⁶, MOHAMAD AMIN⁷, NOVI REANDY SASMITA⁸, GHAZI MAUER IDROES⁹, CRS PRAKOESWA¹⁰, EKO SUHARTONO¹¹, KHAIRAN KHAIRAN^12,13 & RINALDI IDROES^5,12,13*

¹Graduate School of Mathematics and Applied Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia

²Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia

³General Hospital Zainoel Abidin, Banda Aceh 24415, Indonesia

⁴Department of Chemistry, Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia

⁵Department of Chemistry, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia

⁶Departement of Informatics, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia

⁷Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang 65145, Indonesia

⁸Computational and Applied Statistics Research Group, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia

⁹Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia

¹⁰Faculty of Medicine, Universtas Airlangga-Dr Soetomo, General Academic Hospital, Surabaya 60132, Indonesia

¹¹Department of Medical Chemistry/Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Banjarmasin 70712, Indonesia

¹²Departement of Pharmacy, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia

¹³Pusat Riset Obat Herbal, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia

Received: 10 April 2020/Accepted: 1 October 2020

ABSTRACT

A protective effect of Acehnese traditionally fermented coconut oil (Pliek U oil) and its residue (Pliek U) have been studied against UVB radiation. The research was performed by preparing the active ingredient in ointment formulation and protective test in male Wistar rat skin (Rattus novergicus). Four different extraction methods were done to produce four active ingredients, that are Pliek U oil (PUO), ethanolic Pliek U oil extract (EPUOE), ethanolic Pliek U extract (EPUE), and ethanolic hexane residue Pliek U extract (EHRPUE). The protective effect was determined based on the erythema index (EI), melanin index (MI), and level of protein oxidation parameters. The protective level from each active ingredient was studied by PCA analysis. The result showed that the active ingredient could inhibit the redness and protein oxidation in skin tissue. PCA results show that concentration (20 v. 40%) does not affect the protection level of the active ingredients of Pliek U oil, but it does affect the one of Pliek U. Therefore, these active ingredients are potential for sunscreen application.

Keywords: Erythema index; light exposure; melanin index; PCA analysis; Pliek U

ABSTRAK

Kesan perlindungan minyak kelapa Aceh difermentasi secara tradisi (minyak Pliek U) dan sisa (Pliek U) telah dikaji terhadap sinaran UVB. Penyelidikan dilakukan dengan menyediakan bahan aktif dalam formulasi salap dan ujian pelindung pada kulit tikus lelaki Wistar (Rattus novergicus). Empat kaedah pengekstrakan berbeza dilakukan untuk menghasilkan empat bahan aktif, iaitu minyak Pliek U (PUO), ekstrak minyak etanolik Pliek U (EPUOE), ekstrak etliolik Pliek U (EPUE) dan ekstrak etanolik heksana Pliek U (EHRPUE). Kesan perlindungan ditentukan berdasarkan indeks eritema (EI), indeks melanin (MI) dan tahap parameter pengoksidaan protein. Tahap perlindungan daripada setiap bahan aktif dikaji dengan analisis PCA. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa bahan aktif dapat menghalang kemerahan dan pengoksidaan protein pada tisu kulit. Hasil PCA menunjukkan bahawa kepekatan (20 v. 40%) tidak mempengaruhi tahap perlindungan bahan aktif minyak Pliek U, tetapi mempengaruhi tahap penggunaan Pliek U. Oleh itu, bahan aktif ini berpotensi untuk aplikasi pelindung matahari.

Kata kunci: Analisis PCA; indeks eritema; indeks melanin; pendedahan cahaya; Pliek U

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*Corresponding author; email: rinaldi.idroes@unsyiah.ac.id