Sains Malaysiana 50(5)(2021): 1309-1320

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2021-5005-11

Biosynthesis of Gold Nanoparticles (AuNPs) by Diopatra claparedii Grube, 1878 (Polychaeta: Onuphidae) and Its Antibacterial Activity

(Biosintesis Nanozarah Emas (AuNPs) daripada Diopatra claparedii Grube, 1878 (Polychaeta: Onuphidae) dan Aktiviti Antibakterianya)

PIONG CHONG HUAI¹, NOOR ANIZA HARUN^1,2*, ANGELINE UNG EE PEI¹, MOHAMMAD ASYRAF ADHWA MASIMEN¹, WAN IRYANI WAN ISMAIL^1,3 & IZWANDY IDRIS⁴

¹Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu Darul Iman, Malaysia

²Advance NanoMaterials (ANOMA) Research Group, Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu Darul Iman, Malaysia

³Biological Security and Sustainability Research Group, Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu Darul Iman, Malaysia

⁴South China Sea Repository & Reference Centre, Institute of Oceanography & Environmental, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu Darul Iman, Malaysia

Received: 29 July 2020/Accepted: 5 October 2020

ABSTRACT

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have gained attention as it possesses outstanding physicochemical properties, and utilised in variety of applications especially in biomedical and pharmaceutical. Majorly, AuNPs are produced by conventional methods (chemical and physical). However, these methods bring several drawbacks such as toxic, hazardous, low yield and non-environmental friendly. Hence, biosynthesis of AuNPs that compliance with ‘greener’ approach becomes vitals. In this study, marine tube worm of Diopatra claparedii (polychaetes) was employed as reducing agent in the biosynthesis of AuNPs. The biosynthesised of AuNPs by D. claparedii extract was successfully prepared under ambient temperature and normal atmospheric conditions. The formation of AuNPS was confirmed by the appearance of surface Plasmon resonance (SPR) bands around 540 to 560 nm characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the AuNPs are mostly in agglomerated spherical like shapes with size ranging from 100 to 400 nm. Meanwhile, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that the particles are in the size range from 25 to 60 nm, also mainly form in spherical like shape. The particle size of AuNPs in a range of 50-100 nm was showed by dynamic light scattering (DLS). Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum of D. claparedii extract indicated the existence of several functional groups. Biosynthesised AuNPs also successfully gave inhibition on bacterial growth (Staphyloccus aureus, S. epidermidis, Escheratia coli, Salmonella typhi) through antibacterial assessment.

Keywords: Antibacterial; biosynthesis; Diopatra claparedii; gold nanoparticles; polychaete

ABSTRAK

Nanozarah emas (AuNP) telah mendapat perhatian kerana memiliki sifat fizikokimia yang luar biasa dan digunakan dalam berbagai aplikasi terutama dalam bidang bioperubatan dan farmaseutik. Sebahagian besarnya, AuNP dihasilkan dengan kaedah konvensional (kimia dan fizikal). Walau bagaimanapun, kaedah ini mempunyai beberapa kelemahan seperti toksik, berbahaya, memakan masa, kadar penghasilan yang rendah dan tidak mesra alam. Oleh itu, biosintesis AuNPs menggunakan pendekatan sintesis ‘hijau’ menjadi penting. Dalam kajian ini, cacing marin bertiub Diopatra claparedii telah digunakan sebagai agen penurun dalam biosintesis AuNPs. Biosintesis AuNPs oleh ekstrak D. claparedii telah berjaya disintesis dalam suhu normal dan dalam keadaan atmosfera biasa. Pembentukan AuNPs telah disahkan oleh puncak permukaan Plasmon resonans (SPR) sekitar 540 sehingga 560 nm yang dicirikan oleh spektroskopi UV-Vis. Mikroskopi elektron pengimbasan (SEM) menunjukkan bahawa AuNPs dihasilkan dalam bentuk sfera yang beraglomerat dalam saiz antara 100 hingga 400 nm. Sementara itu, mikroskopi elektron transmisi (TEM) menunjukkan bahawa AuNPs dihasilkan dalam saiz antara 25 hingga 60 nm, juga dalam bentuk sfera secara majoriti. Saiz zarah AuNPs dalam lingkungan 50-100 nm telah didedahkan oleh serakan cahaya dinamik (DLS). Spektrum inframerah transformasi Fourier (FTIR) D. claparedii menunjukkan kewujudan beberapa kumpulan berfungsi. Biosintesis AuNPs juga berjaya memberi keputusan terhadap perencatan bakteria (S. aureus, S. epidermidis, E. coli, S. typhi) melalui penilaian antibakteria.

Kata kunci: Antibakteria; biosintesis; Diopatra claparedii; nanozarah emas; poliket

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*Corresponding author; email: nooraniza@umt.edu.my