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Sains Malaysiana 50(6)(2021): 1577-1588
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2021-5006-06
Zooplankton Community Structure in
Relation to the Water Quality and Seston Fatty Acid Content in the Coastal
Waters of Penang, Malaysia
(Struktur Komuniti Zooplankton Berkaitan dengan Kualiti Air dan Kandungan Asid Lemak Seston di Perairan Pantai Penang,
Malaysia)
WAN
MAZNAH, W. O.1,2,3*, NUR ‘AIN KASSIM1 & ZUBIR DIN1
1School of
Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
2Centre for Marine
and Coastal Studies (CEMACS), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
3River Engineering
and Urban Drainage Centre (REDAC), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Seri Empangan, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
Received:
25 February 2020/Accepted: 8 October 2020
ABSTRACT
Zooplankton
community structure and seston fatty acid content in
relation with water quality characteristics at selected sampling stations of
Penang coastal waters were determined. Water and zooplankton samples were
collected on five sampling occasions from July 2009 until April 2011.
Zooplankton samples were collected by horizontal towing with plankton net
(WP-2) and a fraction of the samples was used to get seston population for fatty acid analysis. Phylum Arthropoda dominated the sampling
area with 78.80% of relative abundance, where Copepoda was the most abundant. Other phyla such as Chordata (9.10%), Cycliophora (6.12%), Actinopoda (2.08%), Rotifera (2.57%), Annelida (0.63%), Cnidaria
(0.51%), and Chaetognatha (0.19%) were accounted in
small abundance. Kuala Juru Station, which was highly
impacted by human activities had the highest relative abundance and Jerejak Station (control station and considered to have low
impact by anthropogenic activities) had the lowest relative abundance.
Zooplankton diversity was quite low at all stations, might be due to large
abundance of dominant taxa. The dominant fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs)
detected on seston consisted of SAFA (C16:0, C14:0,
and C18:0), MUFA (C16:0, C14:0, and C18:0), PUFA (C18:2n6c and C20:5n3) and
HUFA (C22:6n3 or DHA). Zooplankton community was influenced by food
availability (phytoplankton, as measured by chlorophyll a and fatty acid composition in seston) and water
quality.
Keywords:
Arthropoda; fatty acid; Malaysia; Rotifera;
zooplankton diversity
ABSTRAK
Struktur komuniti Zooplankton dan kandungan asid lemak seston berkaitan dengan ciri-ciri kualiti air di stesen pensampelan terpilih di perairan pantai Pulau Pinang telah ditentukan. Sampel air dan
zooplankton dikumpulkan pada lima stesen persampelan dari Julai 2009 hingga April 2011. Sampel zooplankton dikumpulkan dengan cara menunda secara mendatar menggunakan jaring plankton (WP-2) dan sebahagian dari sampel digunakan untuk analisis asid lemak populasi seston. Phylum Arthropoda mendominasi kawasan persampelan dengan 78.80% kelimpahan relatif dengan Copepoda adalah yang paling banyak. Phyla lain seperti Chordata (9.10%), Cycliophora (6.12%), Actinopoda (2.08%), Rotifera (2.57%), Annelida (0.63%), Cnidaria (0.51%) dan Chaetognatha (0.19%) terdapat dalam kelimpahan yang kecil. Stesen Kuala Juru, yang sangat dipengaruhi oleh aktiviti manusia mempunyai kelimpahan relatif tertinggi dan Stesen Jerejak (stesen kawalan dan dianggap mempunyai kesan yang rendah oleh aktiviti antropogenik) mempunyai kelimpahan relatif terendah. Kepelbagaian zooplankton agak rendah di semua stesen, mungkin disebabkan oleh kepelbagaian taksonomi yang dominan. Asid lemak metil ester (FAMEs) dominan yang dikesan pada
plankton terdiri daripada SAFA (C16: 0, C14: 0 dan C18: 0), MUFA (C16: 0, C14: 0 dan C18: 0), PUFA (C18:
2n6c dan C20: 5n3) dan HUFA (C22: 6n3 atau DHA). Komuniti zooplankton dipengaruhi oleh ketersediaan makanan (fitoplankton, seperti yang diukur oleh klorofila dan komposisi asid lemak seston) dan kualiti air.
Kata kunci: Arthropoda; asid lemak; kepelbagaian zooplankton; Malaysia; Rotifera
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*Corresponding
author; email: wmaznah@usm.my
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