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Sains
Malaysiana 50(6)(2021): 1651-1662
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2021-5006-12
Toxins of Foodborne Pathogen Bacillus cereus and the Regulatory
Factors Controlling the Biosynthesis of Its Toxins
(Toksin daripada
Patogen Bawaan Makanan Bacillus cereus dan Faktor Kepengawalaturan yang
Mengawal Biosintesis Toksinnya)
YUGENRAJ
NAVANEETHAN1, MOHD ESAH EFFARIZAH1* & NORLI ISMAIL2
1Food Technology Division, School of Industrial
Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
2Environmental Technology Division, School of
Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
Received: 20 May 2020/Accepted: 9 October 2020
ABSTRACT
Bacillus
cereus is a versatile organism which causes two distinct types of food
poisoning by producing toxins. Toxin formation in B. cereus is very much
a complex process involving co-regulation of multiple genes exerting control at
transcriptional, translational and post-translational level and such
regulations too are often influenced by extrinsic factors. A comprehensive
understanding of such factors is very crucial for holistic approaches and
strategies in order to minimise food poisoning risk. Hence, this review will
focus on the intrinsic and extrinsic factors controlling toxin biosynthesis in B.
cereus.
Keywords: Bacillus cereus; emetic toxin;
enterotoxins; gastroenteritis; virulence genes
ABSTRAK
Bacillus cereus adalah
organisma serba boleh yang menyebabkan dua jenis keracunan makanan yang berbeza
dengan menghasilkan toksin. Pembentukan toksin dalam B.
cereus merupakan satu proses yang sangat
kompleks melibatkan pengawalaturan pelbagai gen yang menjalankan kawalan pada
tahap transkripsi, translasi and pascatranslasi manakala pengawalaturan
tersebut sering dipengaruhi oleh faktor ekstrinsik. Pemahaman yang komprehensif
mengenai faktor tersebut adalah sangat penting untuk pendekatan dan strategi
yang holistik bagi mengurangkan risiko keracunan makanan. Oleh itu, tinjauan
ini akan memberi tumpuan pada faktor intrinsik dan ekstrinsik yang mengawal
biosintesis toksin dalam B.
cereus.
Kata kunci: Bacillus
cereus; enterotoksin; gastroenteritis;
gen kevirulenan; toksin emetik
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*Corresponding
author; email: effarizah@usm.my
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