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Sains Malaysiana 51(10)(2022):
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2022-5110-19
Formulation
and Hardness Evaluation of Tablets Containing Citrus limon and Hylocereus polyrhizus Powder using D-Optimal Mixture Design
(Formulasi dan Penilaian Kekerasan Tablet yang Mengandungi Citrus limon dan Serbuk Hylocereus polyrhizus menggunakan Reka Bentuk Campuran D-Optimum)
EZZAH
ABD MANAN1, SITI SALWA ABD GANI1,2,*,
USWATUN HASANAH ZAIDAN3 & MOHD IZUAN EFFENDI HALMI4
1Department of Agriculture
Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra
Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan,
Malaysia
2Halal Products Research Institute
(IPPH), Putra Infoport, Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
3Department of Biochemistry, Faculty
of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
4Department of Land Management,
Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia,
43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
Received: 10 February
2022/Accepted: 18 May 2022
Abstract
The
powder of mixed fruits that are Lemon (Citrus limon) and Red Pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) was used as a nutritional supplement in
tablet form for nutraceutical application. D-optimal mixture experimental
design (D-Optimal MED) was employed to investigate the influence of different
components on the response hardness of the tablet. For tablet formulation,
magnesium stearate, A (0.2-1.0% w/w), menthol, B (0.2-1.0% w/w), lemon powder,
C (1.0-10.0 w/w), maltodextrin, D (5.0 -10.0) and glucose, E (37.5-53.1%) are
the variables while red pitaya powder and preservative are fixed components.
The experimental data were used to analyze analysis
of variance (ANOVA) and to develop a polynomial regression model for tablet
hardness in terms of the five design factors considered in this study.
D-Optimal MED predicted the hardness of the tablet at 8.5 kg/cm2.
The results showed that the best mixture was the formulation that included
0.66% A, 0.74% B, 6.15% C, 7.61% D and 44.34% E, with the actual hardness of
the optimized tablet recorded at 8.581 kg/cm2 (R2 =
0.9925). The study demonstrated the potentiality of mixed fruit tablets as a
nutritional supplement with therapeutic properties for general consumers
well-being.
Keywords: Citrus limon; D-Optimal mixture experimental
design; Hylocereus polyrhizus; nutraceutical; tablet hardness
Abstrak
Serbuk buah Lemon (Citrus limon) dan Pitaya Merah (Hylocereus polyrhizus) telah dibangunkan sebagai makanan tambahan dalam bentuk tablet untuk aplikasi nutraseutikal. D- reka bentuk uji kaji campuran optimum (D-Optimal
MED) digunakan untuk mengkaji pengaruh komponen yang berbeza terhadap kekerasan tablet. Untuk formulasi tablet, magnesium stearat, A (0.2-1.0% b/b), mentol,
B (0.2-1.0% b/b), serbuk lemon, C (1.0-10.0 % b/b), maltodekstrin, D (5.0 -10.0 % b/b) dan glukosa,
E (37.5-53.1% b/b) adalah pemboleh ubah manakala serbuk pitaya merah dan pengawet adalah komponen tetap. Keputusan uji kaji telah digunakan untuk menganalisis analisis varians (ANOVA) dan membangunkan model regresi polinomial untuk kekerasan tablet dari segi lima komponen berbeza yang dipertimbangkan dalam kajian ini.
D-Optimal MED meramalkan kekerasan tablet pada 8.5 kg/cm2. Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa campuran terbaik adalah formulasi yang mengandungi 0.66%
A, 0.74% B, 6.15% C, 7.61% D dan 44.34% E, dengan kekerasan sebenar tablet yang
optimum direkodkan pada 8.581 kg/cm2 (R2 = 0.9925). Kajian ini menunjukkan potensi tablet buah-buahan campuran sebagai makanan tambahan yang bersifat terapeutik untuk kesejahteraan pengguna secara umum.
Kata kunci: Citrus limon; Hylocereus polyrhizus; kekerasan tablet; nutraseutik; reka bentuk uji kaji campuran optimum
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*Corresponding author; email:
ssalwaag@upm.edu.my
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