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Sains Malaysiana 51(11)(2022): 3523-3537
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2022-5111-02
Rate
and Efficiency of Organic Carbon Assimilation by Aquacultured Juvenile Sandfish Holothuria scabra
(Kadar dan Kecekapan Asimilasi Karbon Organik oleh Ikan
Pasir Juvenil Holothuria scabra Akuakultur)
A’AN
JOHAN WAHYUDI1,*, LISA FAJAR INDRIANA2,
MUHAMMAD FIRDAUS2, HANIF BUDI PRAYITNO1 & HANNY
MEIRINAWATI1
1Research
Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency, Pasir Putih 1, Ancol Timur, Jakarta 14430 Indonesia
2Research
Center for Marine and Terrestrial Bio Industry, National Research and
Innovation Agency, Teluk Kodek, Pemenang, Lombok Utara 83352 Indonesia
Received:
9 February 2022/Accepted: 28 June 2022
Abstract
Diet
assimilation rate is crucial to the growth and survival of Holothuria scabra juveniles during culture. To
understand the assimilation rate and efficiency we assess organic carbon
assimilation, which is closely related to the growth and source of variations
in diet. We conducted a two-factor experiment, i.e., juvenile origin (cultured
and wild H. scabra juveniles), and diet
treatment (one control with no additional diet, and three additional diets,
i.e., rice bran, dried cow manure, and seagrass Enhalus acoroides extract). We monitored the amounts of each diet that the juveniles consumed and
the fecal pellets they egested. The diet, sediment, body walls, and organic
carbon content of the fecal pellets were measured using an elemental analyzer
combined with an isotope ratio mass spectrometer. Exponential growth was seen
in the juveniles fed with rice bran, which had a fecal pellet egestion of
0.12–0.21 gC/d. Stable isotope analysis showed that
the contribution of the diet proportion to the growth of the sandfish did not
exceed 30%. The range of the assimilation rate was 35.3–62.4 gC/d. The average assimilation efficiency of organic carbon
was 43.6 ± 27.7% (max 57.9%). Considering the assimilation rate and efficiency,
we suggest a feeding interval of once every two days or twice per week at a
rate of 3–5% of the total H. scabra biomass
for a juvenile culture system.
Keywords: Assimilation; growth rate; Holothuria scabra; organic
carbon; rearing culture sandfish
Abstrak
Kadar
asimilasi diet adalah penting untuk pertumbuhan dan kemandirian juvenil Holothuria
scabra semasa pengkulturan. Untuk memahami kadar asimilasi dan kecekapan,
kami menilai asimilasi karbon organik, yang berkait rapat dengan pertumbuhan
dan punca variasi dalam diet. Kami menjalankan uji kaji dua faktor, iaitu,
asal juvenil (juvenil H. scabra yang dikultur dan liar) dan rawatan diet
(satu kawalan tanpa diet tambahan dan tiga diet tambahan; dedak padi, baja tahi
lembu dan ekstrak rumput laut Enhalus acoroides). Kami memantau jumlah
setiap diet yang diambil oleh juvenil dan pelet najis yang dikeluarkan. Diet,
sedimen, dinding badan serta kandungan karbon organik pelet najis diukur
menggunakan penganalisis unsur yang digabungkan dengan spektrometer jisim nisbah
isotop. Pertumbuhan eksponen dilihat pada juvenil yang diberi makan dedak padi,
yang mempunyai penghadaman pelet najis 0.12–0.21 gC/d. Analisis isotop stabil
menunjukkan bahawa sumbangan perkadaran diet kepada pertumbuhan ikan pasir
tidak melebihi 30%. Julat kadar asimilasi ialah 35.3–62.4 gC/d. Purata
kecekapan asimilasi karbon organik ialah 43.6 ± 27.7% (maks 57.9%).
Memandangkan kadar asimilasi dan kecekapan, kami mencadangkan sela pemakanan
sekali setiap dua hari atau dua kali seminggu pada kadar 3-5% daripada jumlah
biojisim H. scabra untuk sistem kultur juvenil.
Kata kunci:
Asimilasi; Holothuria scabra; kadar pertumbuhan; karbon organik;
ternakan ikan pasir
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*Corresponding author; email: aanj001@brin.go.id
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