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Sains Malaysiana 51(12)(2022):
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2022-5112-05
Antibacterial Properties of
Chitosan Isolated from the Black Soldier Fly, Hermetia illucens
(Sifat Antibakteria Kitosan Pencilan daripada Lalat Askar Hitam, Hermetia illucens)
TEO HUI PENG, LAW KE WEI, ERIC CHAN WEI CHIANG & MICHELLE SOO OI YOON*
Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University KL,
56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory,
Malaysia
Received: 22 December
2021/Accepted: 22 August 2022
Abstract
Insects are receiving wide attention
as alternative food and feed resources, and for the production of useful
by-products such as chitin, which can be converted into chitosan, a natural
antibacterial agent. The larvae of Hermetia illucens, commonly known as Black Soldier Fly
(BSF), can be reared on organic waste substrates and can be produced on a large
scale. In this study, we focused on the antibacterial activity of chitosan
obtained from BSF. Chitin from different growth phases of BSF was isolated using
chemical treatments, characterized, and further synthesized into chitosan by
deacetylation. The identities and structures of all isolated and synthesized
compounds were verified using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).
The antibacterial effect of BSF chitosan compounds against pathogenic bacteria
were assessed with the determination of a minimum inhibitory concentration
(MIC). Results showed that the chitin content increased gradually during the
transition from larvae to adult BSF, with the highest amount obtained in the
pupal stage. In the antibacterial susceptibility assay, Staphylococcus
aureus was the most resistant to the action of BSF chitosan, with no
significant effect exerted on its growth. For other species of bacteria, BSF
chitosan could only restrict bacterial growth at concentrations of 0.25% or
0.5%, with the two most susceptible species being identified as Pseudomonas
aeruginosa and Serratia marcescens. In conclusion, BSF chitosan
exhibited antibacterial activity against different bacteria with varying
sensitivities, in which the chitosan concentration was demonstrated to play an
essential role.
Keywords: Antibacterial activity; Black
Soldier Fly; chitin; chitosan; Hermetia illucens
Abstrak
Serangga mendapat perhatian meluas sebagai punca makanan dan makanan
alternatif, dan untuk penghasilan produk sampingan yang berguna seperti kitin,
yang boleh ditukar menjadi kitosan, agen antibakteria semula jadi. Larva Hermetia
illucens, biasanya dikenali sebagai Lalat
Askar Hitam (BSF), boleh diternak pada substrat sisa organik dan boleh
dihasilkan secara besar-besaran. Dalam kajian ini, tumpuan diberikan kepada
aktiviti antibakteria kitosan yang diperoleh daripada BSF. Kitin daripada fasa
pertumbuhan BSF yang berbeza telah diasingkan menggunakan rawatan kimia,
dicirikan dan selanjutnya disintesis menjadi kitosan melalui penyahetilasi.
Identiti dan struktur semua sebatian terpencil dan tersintesis telah disahkan
menggunakan spektroskopi inframerah transformasi Fourier (FTIR). Kesan
antibakteria sebatian kitosan BSF terhadap bakteria patogen telah dinilai
dengan penentuan kepekatan perencatan minimum (MIC). Keputusan menunjukkan
bahawa kandungan kitin meningkat secara beransur-ansur semasa peralihan
daripada larva kepada BSF dewasa dengan jumlah tertinggi diperoleh pada
peringkat pupa. Dalam asai kerentanan antibakteria, Staphylococcus aureus adalah yang paling tahan terhadap tindakan kitosan BSF, tanpa kesan ketara
terhadap pertumbuhannya. Bagi spesies bakteria lain, kitosan BSF hanya boleh
menyekat pertumbuhan bakteria pada kepekatan 0.25% atau 0.5% dengan dua spesies
yang paling rentan dikenal pasti sebagai Pseudomonas aeruginosa dan Serratia
marcescens. Kesimpulannya, kepekatan kitosan memainkan peranan penting
kerana kitosan BSF mempamerkan aktiviti antibakteria terhadap bakteria yang
berlainan dengan sensitiviti yang berbeza-beza.
Kata kunci: Aktiviti anti bakteria; kitin; kitosan; Hermetia illucens; Lalat Askar Hitam
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*Corresponding author; email: michellesoo@ucsiuniversity.edu.my
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