Sains Malaysiana 51(1)(2022): 15-26

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2022-5101-02

Morphometric Variation among 28 Sub-populations of Barbodes binotatus in Indonesia

(Variasi Morfometri antara 28 Sub-Populasi Barbodes binotatus di Indonesia)

SEPTIANA SRI ASTUTI¹, ANIK MARTINAH HARIATI², WAHYU ENDRA KUSUMA² & DEWA GEDE RAKA WIADNYA³*

¹Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, University of Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran 65145, Malang, East Java

Indonesia

²Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, University of Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran 65145, Malang, East Java, Indonesia

³Ichthyofauna, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, University of Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran 65145, Malang, East Java, Indonesia

Received: 5 October 2020/Accepted: 16 May 2021

ABSTRACT

Morphological variability-based truss morphometry analysis is often used to identify fish population, morphometric asymmetry, and evolutionary changes of fishes. This study aims to analyze the level of symmetry and asymmetry of Barbodes binotatus from several sampling areas in terms of geographic distribution variability in Indonesia, such as Java, Bali, Nusa Tenggara, Sumatera, Kalimantan and Sulawesi. A total of 845 samples were collected from 28 sampling areas. Digital imaging and landmark points were analyzed using the tpsDig.2 program. The parameters including standard landmarks, truss morphometry and geometric-morphometric analysis were completed using SAGE software in order to identify the symmetry-asymmetry level of fishes from each location. Results showed a highly asymmetry level (P<0.0001) in procrustes ANOVA with three factors analyzed: Individual analysis, side identification, and interactions of individual and side. The asymmetry levels of B. binotatus were varied within areas, which recorded at 65.31% for Java Island, 50.16% for Nusa Tenggara, 67.12% for Bali, 67.12% for Sumatera, 30.15% for Kalimantan, and 30.17% for Sulawesi. The asymmetry level of B. binotatus in four major regions (Java, Nusa Tenggara, Bali, and Sumatra) was significantly higher (P<0.0001), while other areas in Kalimantan and Sulawesi tend to be lower than others (P>0.0001). Further research with a genetic approach is needed to identify genetic populations and prove the existence of genetic factors that affect the level of asymmetry in individual body shape.

Keywords: Barbodes binotatus; fluctuating asymmetry; morphometric asymmetry

ABSTRAK

Analisis morfometri kekuda berasaskan kebolehubahan morfologi sering digunakan untuk mengenal pasti populasi ikan, asimetri morfometri dan perubahan evolusi ikan. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tahap simetri dan asimetri Barbodes binotatus daripada beberapa kawasan persampelan dari segi kebolehubahan taburan geografi di Indonesia, seperti Jawa, Bali, Nusa Tenggara, Sumatera, Kalimantan dan Sulawesi. Sebanyak 845 sampel telah dikumpul dari 28 kawasan persampelan. Pengimejan digital dan titik mercu tanda dianalisis menggunakan program tpsDig.2. Parameter termasuk tanda tempat piawai, morfometri kekuda dan analisis geometri-morfometri telah dilengkapkan menggunakan perisian SAGE untuk mengenal pasti tahap simetri-asimetri ikan dari setiap lokasi. Keputusan menunjukkan tahap asimetri tinggi (P<0.0001) dalam procrusts ANOVA dengan tiga faktor dianalisis: analisis individu, pengenalan sisi, dan interaksi individu dan sisi. Tahap asimetri B. binotatus adalah berbeza-beza antara kawasan dengan 65.31% untuk Pulau Jawa, 50.16% untuk Nusa Tenggara, 67.12% untuk Bali, 67.12% untuk Sumatera, 30.15% untuk Kalimantan dan 30.17% untuk Sulawesi. Tahap asimetri B. binotatus di empat wilayah utama (Jawa, Nusa Tenggara, Bali dan Sumatera) adalah lebih tinggi secara signifikan (P<0.0001), manakala kawasan lain di Kalimantan dan Sulawesi cenderung lebih rendah daripada yang lain (P>0.0001). Kajian lanjut dengan pendekatan genetik diperlukan untuk mengenal pasti populasi genetik dan membuktikan kewujudan faktor genetik yang mempengaruhi tahap asimetri dalam bentuk badan individu.

Kata kunci: Asimetri morfometrik; asimetri turun naik; Barbodes binotatus

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*Corresponding author; email: dgr_wiadnya@ub.ac.id