Sains Malaysiana 51(2)(2022): 359-368

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2022-5102-03

Physiological and Yield Responses of Five Rice Varieties to Nitrogen Fertilizer Under Farmer’s Field in IADA Ketara, Terengganu, Malaysia

(Tindak Balas Fisiologi dan Hasil Lima Varieti Beras terhadap Baja Nitrogen di Ladang Peladang, IADA Ketara, Terengganu, Malaysia)

MUHAMAD FAIZ CHE HASHIM¹, ASNIYANI NUR HAIDAR², KHAIRUDIN NURULHUDA^1,3*, FARRAH MELISSA MUHARAM², ZULKARAMI BERAHIM⁴, ZED ZULKAFLI⁵, SITI NAJJA MOHD ZAD⁵ & MOHD RAZI ISMAIL⁴

¹Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

²Department of Agriculture Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

³Smart Farming Technology Research Centre, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

⁴Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

⁵Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

Received: 24 August 2020/Accepted: 10 July 2021

ABSTRACT

Studies have suggested that the need for site-specific fertilizer application to reduce waste of resources as soil nutrients varies across the Malaysian rice fields. The present study was aiming to determine the physiological and yield responses of five rice varieties (MR269, MR297, MR220CL2, MR219, and UPUTRA) treated with three nitrogen (N) rates under farmer’s field condition. The experiment design was a split-plot randomized complete block design, in which N rates, i.e. low (76 kg N ha^-1), farmers’ practice (109 kg N ha^-1) and high (142 kg N ha^-1), were the main plot while rice varieties were the sub-plot. In general, harvestable panicle yield including the grain (at 14% moisture content) of all varieties was between 5.4 and 7.4 t ha^-1 under all N treatments. Among all varieties, MR220CL2 recorded significantly higher yield, irrespective of N treatments. The physiological responses of rice varieties to N treatments, however, were mostly non-significant except for panicle biomass. Specifically, each variety recorded different biomass partitioning percentages for different organs at different growth phases. In the case of N treatments, there was no significant difference in the yield between 30% low and 30% high N rates as compared to farmer’s practice at harvest. Hence, it could be suggested that farmers may reduce N application of about 30% without significant reduction in harvestable panicle yield for this specific plot. However, the potential N uptake might also be affected by unaccounted factors such as the availability of micronutrients and planting density.

Keywords: MR269; MR297; MR220CL2; MR219; nitrogen management; rice yield

ABSTRAK

Kajian telah mencadangkan tentang keperluan aplikasi baja khusus untuk lokasi berbeza bagi mengurangkan pembaziran sumber kerana kandungan nutrien tanah sawah di seluruh Malaysia adalah berbeza. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan tindak balas fisiologi dan hasil untuk lima varieti padi (MR269, MR297, MR220CL2, MR219 dan UPUTRA) yang dirawat dengan tiga kadar nitrogen (N) dalam keadaan ladang petani. Reka bentuk uji kaji adalah reka bentuk blok lengkap rawak beserta plot berpecah dengan kadar N, iaitu rendah (76 kg N ha^-1), amalan petani (109 kg N ha^-1) dan tinggi (142 kg N ha^-1), adalah plot utama sementara varieti padi adalah faktor subplot. Secara keseluruhan, kesemua varieti tersebut menghasilkan antara 5.4 hingga 7.4 t ha^-1 hasil panikel termasuk bijirin (pada kadar kelembapan 14%) untuk ketiga-tiga rawatan N. Hasil panikel MR220CL2 adalah berbeza dengan ketara dan tertinggi berbanding dengan varieti lain tanpa mengira rawatan N. Kecuali untuk biojisim panikel, kajian mendapati tiada tindak balas N pada kebanyakan sifat fisiologi tumbuhan. Secara khusus, setiap varieti mempunyai peratusan pembahagian biojisim yang berbeza untuk organ dan fasa pertumbuhan yang berbeza. Untuk rawatan N, tidak ada perbezaan yang signifikan antara kadar N rendah 30% dan tinggi 30% berbanding dengan kadar N amalan petani pada waktu menuai. Maka, dapatlah disarankan supaya petani mengurangkan penerapan N sekitar 30% tanpa penurunan yang signifikan dalam hasil panikel yang dapat dituai untuk plot khusus ini. Walau bagaimanapun, potensi pengambilan N mungkin juga dibatasi oleh faktor yang tidak diambil kira dalam kajian seperti ketersediaan mikronutrien dan kepadatan tumbuhan.

Kata kunci: MR269; MR297; MR220CL2; MR219; pengurusan nitrogen; hasil padi

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*Corresponding author; email: k_nurulhuda@upm.edu.my