Sains Malaysiana 51(2)(2022): 379-388

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2022-5102-05

Effects of Organic Amendment on Heavy Metal and Macronutrient Contents in Paddy Soil

(Kesan Bahan Pembaik Pulih Organik pada Logam Berat dan Kandungan Makronutrien di dalam Tanih Padi)

MUHAMMAD RENDANA¹, WAN MOHD RAZI IDRIS²*, SAHIBIN ABD RAHIM³,  ZULFAHMI ALI RAHMAN² & TUKIMAT LIHAN²

¹Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sriwijaya, Indralaya 30662 Sumatera Selatan, Indonesia

²Department of Earth Sciences and Environmental, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

³Environmental Science Program, Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah

88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia

Received: 31 December 2020/Accepted: 28 May 2021

ABSTRACT

The enormous use of chemical fertilizers recently has contributed to negative impacts on soil quality for agriculture purposes. However, if we use the fertilizer along with the organic amendment, it would offer a good approach for sustainable agriculture practice. Therefore, this study examined the effects of HT Organic Compound (HTOC) application on heavy metal and macronutrient content of the soil in a 2-season cultivated paddy field from 2016 to 2017. The sampling period was carried out after the harvest period and this study included three treatments: Chemical fertilizer or NPK (CF), chemical fertilizer and 250 kg organic amendment (CF+HTOC250), and chemical fertilizer and 500 kg organic amendment (CF+HTOC500). Several soil parameters were analyzed for this study such as soil organic matter content, pH, available P, available K, total N, and some heavy metals like As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn. The results showed that the treated soil (CF+HTOC treatment) showed significantly higher soil organic matter content, pH, available P, available K, and total N than the chemical fertilizer treatment (CF). In the long-term application, the treated soils with HTOC tended to have lower Cd, Cr, Cu and Pb concentrations as compared with the chemical fertilizer treatment (CF). As a whole, this study concluded the application of chemical fertilizer along with HTOC could be an alternative method to improving soil quality in a paddy field area.

Keywords: Chemical fertilizer; heavy metal; HTOC; paddy soil; soil nutrient

ABSTRAK

Penggunaan baja kimia dengan jumlah yang banyak pada masa kini telah menyumbang kepada kesan-kesan negatif terhadap kualiti tanah bagi tujuan pertanian. Tetapi, jika kita menggunakan baja kimia bersama dengan bahan pembaik pulih organik, ia akan menawarkan pendekatan yang baik untuk amalan pertanian lestari. Oleh itu, kajian ini mengkaji kesan penggunaan HT Organic Compound (HTOC) ke atas logam berat dan kandungan makronutrien tanih selama dua musim penanaman padi dari tahun 2016 hingga 2017. Masa aktiviti persampelan dilakukan selepas masa tuai dan dalam kajian ini terdapat tiga jenis rawatan yang dikaji; baja kimia atau NPK (CF), baja kimia dan 250 kg bahan pembaik pulih organik (CF+HTOC250), baja kimia dan 500 kg bahan pembaik pulih organik (CF+HTOC500). Beberapa paramater tanih yang dianalisis dalam kajian ini seperti kandungan bahan organik tanih, pH, P tersedia, K tersedia, jumlah N dan beberapa unsur logam berat seperti As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb dan Zn. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa tanah yang dirawat (CF+HTOC) menunjukkan kandungan bahan organik tanih, pH dan P tersedia, K tersedia dan jumlah N yang signifikan lebih tinggi daripada rawatan baja kimia (CF). Bagi penggunaan jangka panjang, tanah yang dirawat dengan HTOC cenderung mempunyai kandungan logam berat yang lebih rendah berbanding dengan rawatan baja kimia (CF). Secara keseluruhan, kajian ini menyimpulkan penggunaan baja kimia bersama dengan HTOC boleh menjadi kaedah alternatif untuk membaikpulih kualiti tanih di kawasan sawah padi.

Kata kunci: Baja kimia; HTOC; logam berat; nutrien tanih; tanih sawah

REFERENCES

Acres, B.D., Bowen, R.P., Borrough, P.A., Folland, C.J., Kalasi, M.S., Thomas, P. & Wright, P.J. 1975. The Soil of Sabah: Classification and Description. England: Ministry of Overseas Development Tolworth Tower.

Avery, B.W. & Bascomb, C.L. 1982. Soil Survey Laboratory Methods. London: Soil Survey Technical Monograph: Soil Survey of England and Wales.

Bhatt, M.K., Labanya, R. & Joshi, H.C. 2019. Influence of long-term chemical fertilizers and organic manures on soil fertility - A review. Universal Journal Agriculture Research 7(5): 177-188.

Brtnicky, M., Dokulilova, T., Holatko, J., Pecina, V., Kintl, A., Latal, O. Vyhnanek, T., Prichystalova, J. & Datta, R. 2019. Long-term effects of biochar-based organic amendments on soil microbial parameters. Agronomy 9(11): 747.

Cesarano, G., De Filippis, F., La Storia, A., Scala, F. & Bonanomi, G. 2017. Organic amendment type and application frequency affect crop yields, soil fertility and microbiome composition. Applied Soil Ecology 120: 254-264.

Chen, Y., Camps-Arbestain, M., Shen, Q., Singh, B. & Cayuela, M.L. 2018. The long-term role of organic amendments in building soil nutrient fertility: A meta-analysis and review. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems 111(2/3): 103-125.

Dinu, M.I. 2017. Mechanisms for reduction of natural waters technogenic pollution by metals due to complexions with humus substances (zoning: Western Siberia and the European Territory of Russia). In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 262(1):  p. 012194.

Fujine, K. 2014. Flash EA 1112 elemental analyzer (CHNS): User guide. UK.

Hagemann, N., Kammann, C.I., Schmidt, H.P., Kappler, A. & Behrens, S. 2017. Nitrate capture and slow release in biochar amended compost and soil. PLoS ONE 12(2): e0171214.

Hao, T., Zhu, Q., Zeng, M., Shen, J., Shi, X., Liu, X., Zhang, F. & de Vries, W. 2020. Impacts of nitrogen fertilizer type and application rate on soil acidification rate under a wheat-maize double cropping system. Journal of Environmental Management 270: 110888.

He, Z. & Wu, F. 2020. Labile Organic Matter: Chemical Compositions, Function, and Significance in Soil and the Environment. United States: John Wiley & Sons.

Huang, Q., Yu, Y., Wan, Y., Wang, Q., Luo, Z., Qiao, Y., Su, D. & Li, H. 2018. Effects of continuous fertilization on bioavailability and fractionation of cadmium in soil and its uptake by rice (Oryza sativa L.). Journal of Environmental Management 215: 13-21.

Kabata-Pendias, A. 2011. Trace Elements in Soils and Plants. Boca Raton: CRC Press. 

Li, X.M., Chen, Q.L., He, C., Shi, Q., Chen, S.C., Reid, B.J. & Sun, G.X. 2018. Organic carbon amendments affect the chemodiversity of soil dissolved organic matter and its associations with soil microbial communities. Environmental Science & Technology 53(1): 50-59.

Li, J., Hoang, K.T.K., Hassan, N. & Marschner, P. 2019a. Vermicompost influences soil P pools and available N - Effect of placement and combination with inorganic fertiliser. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 19(4): 900-905.

Li, J., Li, H., Zhang, Q., Shao, H., Gao, C. & Zhang, X. 2019b. Effects of fertilization and straw return methods on the soil carbon pool and CO2 emission in a reclaimed mine spoil in Shanxi Province, China. Soil and Tillage Research 195(1): 104361.

Liu, K.L., Han, T.F., Huang, J., Zhang, S.Q., Gao, H.J., Zhang, L., Shah, A., Huang, S.M., Zhu, P., Gao, S.D., Ma, C.B., Xue, Y.D. & Zhang, H.M. 2020. Change of soil productivity in three different soils after long-term field fertilization treatments. Journal of Integrative Agriculture 19: 848-858.

Luo, G., Sun, B., Li, L., Li, M., Liu, M., Zhu, Y. & Shen, Q. 2019. Understanding how long-term organic amendments increase soil phosphatase activities: Insight into phoD-and phoC-harboring functional microbial populations. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 139: 107632.

Lwin, C.S., Seo, B.H., Kim, H.U., Owens, G. & Kim, K.R. 2018. Application of soil amendments to contaminated soils for heavy metal immobilization and improved soil quality - A critical review. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 64(2): 156-167.

MARDI (Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute). 2008. Manual Teknologi Penanaman Padi Lestari. Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute: Serdang, Malaysia.

Meena, R.S., Lal, R. & Yadav, G.S. 2020. Long-term impacts of topsoil depth and amendments on soil physical and hydrological properties of an Alfisol in central Ohio, USA. Geoderma 363: 114164.

Metson, A.J. 1956. Methods of chemical analysis for soil survey samples. Soil Bureau Bulletin 12 208: 1956.

Mi, W., Sun, Y., Xia, S., Zhao, H., Mi, W., Brookes, P.C., Liu, Y. & Wu, L. 2018. Effect of inorganic fertilizers with organic amendments on soil chemical properties and rice yield in a low-productivity paddy soil. Geoderma 320: 23-29.

Mindari, W., Aini, N., Kusuma, Z. & Syekhfani, S. 2014. Effects of humic acid-based cation buffer on chemical characteristics of saline soil and growth of maize. Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management 2(1): 259-268.

Murphy, J. & Riley, J.P. 1962. A modified single solution method for the determination of phosphate in natural waters. Analytica Chemica Acta 27: 31-36.

Naher, U.A., Sarker, I.U., Jahan, A.F.S.A.N.A., Maniruzzaman, M., Choudhury, A.K., Kalra, N. & Biswas, J.C. 2019. Nutrient mineralization and soil biology as influenced by temperature and fertilizer management practices. Sains Malaysiana 48(4): 735-744.

Nascimento, R.S., Ramos, M.L., Figueiredo, C.C.D., Silva, A.M., Silva, S.B. & Batistella, G. 2017. Soil organic matter pools under management systems in Quilombola Territory in Brazilian Cerrado. Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 21(4): 254-260.

Ning, C.C., Gao, P.D., Wang, B.Q., Lin, W.P., Jiang, N.H. & Cai, K.Z. 2017. Impacts of chemical fertilizer reduction and organic amendments supplementation on soil nutrient, enzyme activity and heavy metal content. Journal of Integrative Agriculture 16: 1819-1831.

Paradelo, R., Eden, M., Martínez, I., Keller, T. & Houot, S. 2019. Soil physical properties of a Luvisol developed on loess after 15 years of amendment with compost. Soil and Tillage Research 191: 207-215.

Phuong, N.T.K., Khoi, C.M., Ritz, K., Sinh, N.V., Tarao, M. & Toyota, K. 2020. Potential use of rice husk biochar and compost to improve P availability and reduce GHG emissions in acid sulfate soil. Agronomy 10(5): 685.

Rendana, M., Idris, W.M.R., Rahim, S.A., Rahman, Z.A., Lihan, T. & Jamil, H. 2019. Effects of organic amendment on soil organic carbon in treated soft clay in paddy cultivation area. Sains Malaysiana 48(1): 61-68.

Shahbaz, M., Kuzyakov, Y. & Heitkamp, F. 2017. Decrease of soil organic matter stabilization with increasing inputs: Mechanisms and controls. Geoderma 304: 76-82.

Sodango, T.H., Li, X., Sha, J. & Bao, Z. 2018. Review of the spatial distribution, source and extent of heavy metal pollution of soil in China: Impacts and mitigation approaches. Journal of Health and Pollution 8(17): 53-70.

Urra, J., Alkorta, I. & Garbisu, C. 2019. Potential benefits and risks for soil health derived from the use of organic amendments in agriculture. Agronomy 9(9): 542.

USEPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency). 1996. Method 3050B for acid digestion of sediments, sludges, and soils. https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/201506/documents/epa3050b.pdf. Accessed on 24 September 2018.

Wang, X., Liu, W., Li, Z., Teng, Y., Christie, P. & Luo, Y. 2020. Effects of long-term fertilizer applications on peanut yield and quality and plant and soil heavy metal accumulation. Pedosphere 30(4): 555-562.

Yang, X., Li, Q., Tang, Z., Zhang, W., Yu, G., Shen, Q. & Zhao, F.J. 2017. Heavy metal concentrations and arsenic speciation in animal manure composts in China. Waste Management 64: 333-339.

Yli-Halla, M., Virtanen, S., Mäkelä, M., Simojoki, A., Hirvi, M., Innanen, S. & Sullivan, L. 2017. Abundant stocks and mobilization of elements in boreal acid sulfate soils. Geoderma 308: 333-340.

Zhang, R.H., Li, Z.G., Liu, X.D., Wang, B.C., Zhou, G.L., Huang, X.X., Lin, C.H., Wang, A.H. & Brooks, M. 2017. Immobilization and bioavailability of heavy metals in greenhouse soils amended with rice straw-derived biochar. Ecological Engineering 98: 183-188.

*Corresponding author; email: razi@ukm.edu.my