Sains Malaysiana 51(3)(2022): 757-774

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2022-5103-10

Phytochemical Constituents and Pharmacological Activities of Picrasma javanica: Quassinoids Interest

(Kandungan Fitokimia dan Aktiviti Farmakologi Picrasma javanica: Kepentingan Quasinoid)

MUHAMMAD TAHER^1,*, NAJAH FATEHAH MOHD RAZALI¹, DENY SUSANTI², MD. ATIAR RAHMAN³, MUH ADE ARTASASTA⁴ & ZAINUL AMIRUDDIN ZAKARIA⁵

¹Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Ahmad Shah, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia

²Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Ahmad Shah, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia

  ³Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong-4331, Bangladesh

  ⁴Department of Biomedical, Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University, Padang 25163, Indonesia

  ⁵Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

Received: 9 July 2020/Accepted: 12 August 2021

Abstract

Picrasma javanica Blume is a plant belonging to Simaroubaceae. It is known for its secondary metabolites, namely quassinoids, offering various pharmacological properties including antitumor, antimalarial, and antiviral. The plant is traditionally used as a source medicine for different diseases in Myanmar, Thailand, and Indonesia. Despite the extensive studies on P. javanica, there is no concise and conclusive information regarding the phytochemical and phytochemistry of the plant has been reported. Thus, we aimed to discern the phytochemical constituents and pharmacological activities of P. javanica. The phytochemical constituents and pharmacological benefits of P. javanica were reviewed and supported from previous in vivo and in vitro studies. The literature used in this review were retrieved from electronic database such as Scopus, Semanticscholar, Sciendirect, Google scholar, Researchgate, Pubmed, and websites. P. javanica possesses several phytochemical constituents, such as quassinoids, alkaloids, and triterpenoids. The compounds of the plant have been isolated and studied for their pharmacological activities, encompassing antimalarial, antiproliferative, antiviral, antimicrobial, and membrane-stabilizing activities. It was found that the pharmacological activities in the plant were attributable to the key ingredients of quassinoids and alkaloids present. However, further extensive studies must be carried out to explore more potential benefits that the plant could offer.

Keywords: Pharmacological activities; phytochemical constituents; Picrasma javanica; quassionoids; Simaroubaceae

Abstrak

Picrasma javanica Blume ialah sejenis tumbuhan yang tergolong dalam Simaroubaceae. Ia terkenal dengan metabolit sekundernya, iaitu quasinoid yang menawarkan pelbagai sifat farmakologi termasuk antitumor, antimalaria dan antivirus. Tumbuhan ini secara tradisinya digunakan sebagai punca ubat untuk pelbagai penyakit di Myanmar, Thailand dan Indonesia. Walaupun terdapat kajian meluas mengenai P. javanica, namun maklumat ringkas dan konklusif mengenai fitokimia dan fitokimia tumbuhan telah dilaporkan. Oleh itu, kami berhasrat untuk membezakan konstituen fitokimia dan aktiviti farmakologi P. javanica. Konstituen fitokimia dan faedah farmakologi P. javanica telah disemak dan disokong daripada kajian in vivo dan in vitro sebelum ini. Kepustakaan yang digunakan dalam ulasan ini diperoleh daripada pangkalan data elektronik Scopus, Semanticscholar, Sciendirect, Google scholar, Researchgate, Pubmed dan laman sesawang. P. javanica mempunyai beberapa konstituen fitokimia, seperti quasinoid, alkaloid dan triterpenoid. Sebatian tumbuhan telah diasing dan dikaji untuk aktiviti farmakologinya, merangkumi aktiviti antimalaria, antiproliferatif, antivirus, antimikrob dan penstabilan membran. Didapati bahawa aktiviti farmakologi dalam tumbuhan adalah disebabkan oleh bahan-bahan utama quassinoid dan alkaloid yang ada. Walau bagaimanapun, kajian lanjut mesti dijalankan untuk meneroka lebih banyak potensi faedah yang boleh ditawarkan oleh tumbuhan ini.

Kata kunci: Aktiviti farmakologi; juzuk fitokimia; Picrasma javanica; quasionoid; Simaroubaceae

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^*Corresponding author; email: mtaher@iium.edu.my