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Sains Malaysiana 51(3)(2022): 775-781
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2022-5103-11
A Combination of UV-Vis
Spectroscopy and Chemometrics for Detection of Sappanwood (Caesalpinia sappan) Adulteration from Three Dyes
(Gabungan Spektroskopi UV-Vis dan Kemometrik untuk Pengesanan Pencemaran
Kayu Sappan (Caesalpinia sappan)
daripada Tiga Pewarna)
IRMANIDA BATUBARA1,2,*, SAADATUL HUSNA1, .MOHAMAD
RAFI1,2, TONY SUMARYADA3, SUSUMU UCHIYAMA4, BERRY JULIANDI5, SASTIA PRAMA PUTRI4 & EIICHIRO
FUKUSAKI4
1Department
of Chemistry, Faculty
of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB
University, Tanjung Street, IPB
Campus Dramaga, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
Received:
25 December 2020/Accepted:
27 July 2021
Abstract
Sappan wood (Caesalpinia sappan) is very well known
as a natural dye for traditional food and beverage in many countries. Recently,
there are many reports of sappan wood adulteration by adding synthetic or
natural dyes to obtain quality color and better appearance. In this study,
UV-Vis absorption spectra coupled with chemometrics were used to develop rapid
detection of sappan wood raw material adulteration (authentication) from three
dyes, i.e., sudan III, commercial textile dyes, and red yeast rice. Absorption
spectra of 13 sappan wood raw material and adulterated sappan wood with the
three dyes in two different concentrations which resulted about 78 adulterated
samples were measured with UV-Vis spectrophotometer at a wavelength range of
200-800 nm. A principal component analysis followed by discriminant analysis
was used to construct a model for the authentication of sappan wood from the
three dyes used in this study. The combination of both methods was successfully
classified sappan wood as non-adulterated and adulterated with the dyes.
Cross-validation results of the authentication model of sappan wood from sudan
III, commercial textile dyes, and red yeast rice were 94.12%, 94.12%, and
92.16% correctly classified into their groups, respectively.
Keywords: Caesalpinia sappan; chemometrics; detection; dyes; UV-Vis spectroscopy
Abstrak
Kayu sappan (Caesalpinia sappan) sangat terkenal
sebagai pewarna semula jadi untuk makanan dan minuman tradisi di banyak negara.
Baru-baru ini, terdapat banyak laporan mengenai pemalsuan kayu sappan dengan
penambahan pewarna sintetik atau semula jadi untuk mendapatkan warna yang berkualiti
dan penampilan yang lebih baik. Dalam kajian ini, spektrum penyerapan UV-Vis
yang digabungkan dengan kemometrik digunakan untuk pengembangan pengesanan
cepat pemalsuan bahan mentah kayu sappan (pengesahan) daripada tiga pewarna, iaitu, sudan III,
pewarna tekstil komersial dan beras ragi merah. Spektrum penyerapan 13 bahan
mentah kayu sappan dan 78 kayu sappan yang dipalsukan dengan pewarna tersebut
dalam dua kepekatan yang berbeza diukur dengan spektrofotometer UV-Vis pada
jarak gelombang 200-800 nm. Analisis komponen utama diikuti dengan analisis
diskriminan digunakan untuk membina model pengesahan kayu sappan daripada tiga pewarna yang digunakan dalam
kajian ini. Gabungan kedua-dua kaedah tersebut berjaya mengelaskan
kayu sappan sebagai tidak tercemar dan tercemar dengan pewarna. Hasil pengesahan
silang model pengesahan kayu sappan daripada sudan III, pewarna tekstil
komersial dan beras ragi merah didapati masing-masing ialah 94.12%, 94.12%, dan 92.16% dikelaskan dalam kumpulan mereka.
Kata kunci: Caesalpinia sappan; kemometrik; pengesanan; pewarna; spektroskopi UV-Vis
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*Corresponding author; email: ime@apps.ipb.ac.id
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