Sains Malaysiana 51(3)(2022): 803-814

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2022-5103-14

The Effects of Clitoria ternatea Extract on Zebrafish Model of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Neurobehavioural Study

(Kesan Ekstrak Clitoria ternatea pada Model Ikan Zebra bagi Penyakit Alzheimer: Suatu Kajian Tingkah Laku Neuron)

MUHAMMAD DANIAL BIN CHE RAMLI^1,*, NUR ARISSA SYAZWANI BINTI MD NAZREY¹, MAHATHIR BIN MOHD UZID¹, ANITA ZARA WEINHEIMER¹, NUR BATRISYIA BINTI NIZAM¹, NADHRATUN NABILA BINTI MAZLAN¹, NURSHAFIQAH NAJIHAH BINTI MOHD MIZAN¹, HUSSIN MUHAMMAD², MOHAMAD ANUAR AHAD³ & MOHAMAD AZMEER EFFENDY³

¹Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Management and Science University, 40100 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

²Toxicology & Pharmacology Unit, Herbal Medicine Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Jalan Setia Murni U13/52, Seksyen U13 Setia Alam, 40170 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

³Center for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia

Received: 30 December 2020/Accepted: 26 July 2021

Abstract

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that is currently affecting 40-50 million people worldwide. It is generally recognized from its main symptom dementia, in which the patient undergoes a progressive decline in their cognitive memory. Recent studies have shown that medicinal plants such as Clitoria ternateaequipped with antioxidant properties has high potential in treating AD. The study was conducted using zebrafish model of AD induced with aluminium chloride for 28 days. The treatment dose of C. ternateaextract (4.34 mg/L) was then given for 14 days. The behaviour of the zebrafish were evaluated through memory testing by using a T-maze test and novel tank diving test. Histological studies were also performed. 50% of the zebrafish tested showed improvement in memory through the T-maze test after treatment with C. ternatea extract. Zebrafish model of AD treated with C. ternatea extract also shows a decrease in anxiety in the novel tank diving test. A significant increase of purkinje cells were also observed from the histological study after treatment with C. ternatea extract. Nucleus elongation of oligodendrocytes from zebrafish model of AD induced with aluminium chloride were improved when treated with the C. ternatea extract. In conclusion, it was found that C. ternatea extract exhibits strong potential for treating zebrafish model of AD induced with aluminium chloride.

Keyword: Alternative treatment; Alzheimer’s disease; Clitoria ternatea; neurodegenerative; Zebrafish model

Abstrak

Penyakit Alzheimer adalah penyakit kemerosotan neuron yang kini menjejaskan 40-50 juta orang di seluruh dunia. Ia secara amnya dikenali melalui gejala utamanya iaitu demensia, apabila pesakit mengalami kemerosotan dalam ingatan kognitif mereka. Kajian baru-baru ini telah menunjukkan bahawa tumbuhan perubatan seperti Clitoria ternateayang dilengkapi dengan sifat antioksidan mempunyai potensi yang tinggi dalam merawat penyakit Alzheimer. Penyelidikan ini dijalankan dengan menggunakan model ikan Zebra yang telah diberikan penyakit Alzheimer menggunakan aluminium klorida selama 28 hari. Dos rawatan menggunakan tumbuhan C. ternatea sebanyak 4.34 mg/L kemudiannya diberikan selama 14 hari. Tingkah laku ikan Zebra telah dinilai melalui ujian ingatan dengan menggunakan ujian pagar sesat dan ujian penyelaman tangki. Kajian histologi juga telah dilakukan. 50% daripada ikan Zebra yang diuji menunjukkan peningkatan dalam ingatan melalui ujian pagar sesat selepas rawatan dengan ekstrak C. ternatea. Ikan Zebra yang dirawat dengan ekstrak C. ternatea juga menunjukkan penurunan tahap kegelisahan dalam ujian penyelaman tangki. Peningkatan bilangan sel purkinje juga dapat diperhatikan daripada kajian histologi selepas dirawat dengan ekstrak C. ternatea. Pemanjangan nukleus ‘oligodendrocytes’ di dalam sel otak ikan Zebra yang dijangkiti penyakit Alzheimer telah bertambah baik apabila dirawat dengan ekstrak C. ternatea. Kesimpulannya, kajian ini telah mendapati bahawa ekstrak C. ternatea menunjukkan potensi yang tinggi untuk merawat ikan Zebra yang telah dijangkiti dengan penyakit Alzheimer.

Kata kunci: Clitoria ternatea; kemerosotan neuron; model ikan Zebra; Penyakit Alzheimer; rawatan alternative

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^*Corresponding author; email: muhammaddanialramli@gmail.com