Sains Malaysiana 51(4)(2022): 1143-1154

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2022-5104-16

Drug-Herb Interactions: Selected Antihypertensive Drugs with Moringa oleifera Leaves Extract

(Interaksi Ubat-Herba: Ubat Antihipertensi Terpilih dengan Ekstrak Daun Moringa oleifera)

ENDANG KUMOLOSASI, MANDY CHEONG LI CHING, NURAINA ATHIRA AHMAD SALWANIZAM, NUR SHAMIZAH AINNA MUHAMMAD ESHAM, QISTINA ALYANI AYOB, RAMAVISITHIRA RAMASAMY, HARISHANKARI GOVINDAN, ADYANI MD REDZUAN & MALINA JASAMAI^*

Drugs & Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia

Received: 17 June 2021/Accepted: 27 August 2021

Abstract

Moringa oleifera is a local plant which is commonly used in cooking and as a health supplement. It has been reported to possess blood pressure (BP) lowering effect and little is known about its possible interactions with cardiovascular drugs. This study looked into the possible drug-herb interactions between M. oleifera leaves extract and selected antihypertensive drugs. Ten groups of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and one group of normotensive rats (NTs) were administered either M. oleifera extract alone, drugs alone or drugs in combination with M. oleifera extract for 14 days and BP of the rats were measured. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity was also determined in vitro and ex vivo. Treated groups were found to produce significant BP reduction on day 15 when compared with the negative control but there was no significance difference when compared with positive controls (drugs alone). M. oleifera extract administered alone significantly reduced BP of SHRs on day 15 and this is comparable with the BP reduction observed when antihypertensive drugs were administered alone. However, no additive effect was observed when drugs were used in combination with M. oleifera extract. Similar results were seen in the in vitro and ex vivo ACE inhibitory activity of M. oleifera extract and enalapril. It can be concluded that there is a possibility of drug-herb interaction between M. oleifera extract and the selected antihypertensive drugs.

Keywords: ACE activity; antihypertensive drugs; blood pressure; drug-herb interactions; Moringa oleifera

Abstrak

Moringa oleifera ialah tumbuhan tempatan yang biasanya digunakan dalam masakan dan sebagai makanan tambahan kesihatan. Ia dilaporkan mempunyai kesan penurunan tekanan darah (TD), tetapi amat sedikit yang diketahui jika ia mungkin berinteraksi dengan ubat kardiovaskular. Kajian ini melihat jika terdapat interaksi antara ekstrak daun M. oleifera dengan ubat hipertensi terpilih. Sepuluh kumpulan tikus hipertensi secara spontan (SHR) dan satu kumpulan tikus normotensif (NT) diberi sama ada ekstrak M. oleifera sahaja, ubat sahaja atau gabungan ubat dan ekstrak M. oleifera selama 14 hari dan TD tikus tersebut diukur. Aktiviti enzim pengubah-angiotensin (ACE) juga ditentukan secara in vitro dan ex vivo. Kumpulan yang dirawat didapati menurunkan TD secara ketara pada hari ke-15 jika dibandingkan dengan kawalan negatif tetapi tidak menunjukkan perbezaan yang bererti jika dibandingkan dengan kawalan positif (ubat sahaja). Ekstrak M. oleifera sahaja dapat mengurangkan TD SHR secara bererti pada hari ke-15 dan ini setanding dengan penurunan TD yang diperoleh daripada ubat hipertensi sahaja. Walau bagaimanapun, tiada kesan tambahan yang diperoleh apabila ubat diberi bersama ekstrak M. oleifera. Hasil yang serupa dilihat dalam aktiviti perencatan ACE secara in vitro dan ex vivo oleh ekstrak M. oleifera dan enalapril. Dengan ini dapat disimpulkan bahawa berkemungkinan terdapat interaksi ubat-herba antara ekstrak M. oleifera dengan ubat antihipertensi terpilih. Mekanisme terperinci mengenai interaksi yang berlaku perlu dikaji dengan lebih lanjut untuk memastikan penggunaan ekstrak M. oleifera bersama ubat antihipertensi adalah selamat.

Kata kunci: Aktiviti ACE; interaksi ubat-herba; Moringa oleifera; tekanan darah; ubat antihipertensi

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^*Corresponding author; email: malina@ukm.edu.my