Sains Malaysiana 51(4)(2022): 1167-1179

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2022-5104-18

Protocatechuic Acid Induces Apoptosis in Human Osteosarcoma Cells by Regulating P13K/AKT/ROS Pathway

(Asid Protokatekuik Mengaruh Apoptosis dalam Sel Osteosarkoma Manusia dengan Mengawal Laluan P13K/AKT/ROS)

QIYUAN MEI, XIAOHU CHEN & WEI LIU^*

Department of Orthopedics, Jingzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jingzhou, Hubei, China, 434000

† These two authors (Giyuan Mei and Xiaohu Chen) contributed to this work equally

Received: 14 July 2021/ Accepted: 3 September 2021

Abstract

Previous investigations have demonstrated that protocatechuic acid (PCA) provides anti-tumour properties in different tumour cell types. It does, however, have an unknown cause on osteosarcoma cells. In this investigation, the underlying mechanism of the effect of PCA on osteosarcoma cells (MNNG or HOS) was investigated and established. The viability of the cell was assessed with the MTT test. Acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining and Western blot analysis were conducted for assessment of cell apoptosis. Western blot analysis was identified for cell cycle progression. In addition to establishing the above findings, the Western blot analysis demonstrated that PCA mediated osteosarcoma cellular apoptosis by triggering the apoptotic pathway of Caspase-9. Additionally, we found that PCA considerably stimulated osteosarcoma cell apoptosis and arrest of cell cycle proliferation by controlling a pathway involving P13K/Akt/ROS signalling. In short, we observed that PCA prevented the advancement of osteosarcoma through the stimulation of apoptosis in osteosarcoma cells. The mechanism underlying this study also showed that PCA generated effective anti-tumour activity on osteosarcoma cells by controlling the signalling pathways of P13K/Akt/ROS.

Keywords: Caspase-9; MTT; osteosarcoma; protocatechuic acid; western blot

Abstrak

Kajian terdahulu telah menunjukkan bahawa asid protokatekuik (PCA) memberikan sifat anti-tumor dalam jenis sel tumor yang berbeza. Walau bagaimanapun, ia mempunyai punca yang tidak diketahui pada sel osteosarkoma. Dalam kajian ini, mekanisme asas kesan PCA pada sel osteosarkoma (MNNG atau HOS) telah dikaji dan ditubuhkan. Daya maju sel telah dinilai dengan ujian MTT. Pewarnaan akridina oren/etidium bromida dan analisis pemblotan Western telah dijalankan untuk penilaian apoptosis sel. Analisis pemblotan Western telah dikenal pasti untuk perkembangan kitaran sel. Di samping memulakan penemuan di atas, analisis pemblotan Western menunjukkan bahawa PCA memediasi apoptosis sel osteosarkoma dengan mencetuskan laluan apoptosis Caspase-9. Di samping itu, kami mendapati bahawa PCA banyak merangsang apoptosis sel osteosarkoma dan penangkapan percambahan kitaran sel dengan mengawal laluan yang melibatkan isyarat P13K/Akt/ROS. Ringkasnya, kami memerhatikan bahawa PCA menghalang kemajuan osteosarkoma melalui rangsangan apoptosis dalam sel osteosarkoma. Mekanisme yang mendasari kajian ini juga menunjukkan bahawa PCA menjana aktiviti anti-tumor yang berkesan pada sel osteosarkoma dengan mengawal laluan isyarat P13K/Akt/ROS.

Kata kunci: Asid protokatekuik; caspase-9; MTT; osteosarkoma; pemblotan Western

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^*Corresponding author; email: 33557355@qq.com