Sains Malaysiana 51(5)(2022): 1305-1315

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2022-5105-03

Palm Press Fibre and Rice Straw for Cultivation Grey Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus sajor-caju)

(Sabut Kelapa Sawit Tertekan dan Jerami Padi untuk Penanaman Cendawan Tiram Kelabu (Pleurotus sajor-caju))

LAILA NAHER^1,2,3,*, NUR AIZZAH MAZLAN¹, NURUL ADIBAH BINTI HAMZAH¹, SAINUL ISLAM¹ & SITI MARYAM SALAMAH AB RHAMAN¹

¹Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan Darul Naim, Malaysia

²Institute of Food Security and Sustainable Agriculture, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, JeliCampus, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan Darul Naim, Malaysia

³Institute of Research and Poverty Management (InsPek), Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan Darul Naim, Malaysia

Received: 1 November 2020/ Accepted: 14 October 2021

Abstract

Sawdust (SD) usually sourced from rubber plant is commonly used as substrate to cultivate the grey oyster mushroom Pleurotus sajor-caju in Malaysia. However, the market price of SD is increasing because of its declining availability. Thus, this study aimed to discover an alternative substrate to cultivate grey oyster mushroom. The raw materials used in the substrate were oil palm pressed fiber (PPF), rice straw (RS) and SD, either alone or in combination with different ratios including T1: 90% SD + 10% rice bran (commercial substrate as control); T2: 30% RS + 20% SD + 50% PPF; T3: 50% RS + 50% PPF; T4: 100% RS; and T5: 100% PPF. The suitability of the substrates was determined based on growth, yield, nutrition and mineral content in the mushrooms. The growth and yield of the mushroom fruiting body on the different substrates showed significant differences. The shortest harvesting day was obtained in T4 (100% RS) after 29 days, whereas the longest harvesting day was obtained in T1 (90% SD + 10% rice bran) after 51 days. The highest yield was obtained in T4. Nutrition analysis showed significant difference among the treatments. The highest amounts of protein (26%) and ash (1.29%) were found in T5. Overall, the results showed that mushroom yield performance was good in RS but nutritional content was the highest in PPF. Therefore, RS and PPF have good impact for mushroom growers either in commercial production or in functional food industry to reduce SD dependency.

Keywords: Grey oyster mushroom cultivation; growth performance; nutrition; palm pressed fiber; rice straw

Abstrak

Habuk kayu (SD) kebiasaannya daripada sumber kayu getah yang sering digunakan sebagai substrat untuk penanaman cendawan tiram kelabu Pleurotus sajor-caju di Malaysia. Walau bagaimanapun, harga pasaran bagi habuk kayu meningkat disebabkan oleh sumber sedia ada semakin berkurangan. Oleh itu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti substrat alternatif untuk penanaman cendawan tiram kelabu. Bahan mentah yang digunakan dalam substrat adalah sabut kelapa sawit tertekan (PPF), jerami padi (RS) dan SD, sama ada bersendirian atau dalamgabungan nisbah yang berbeza termasuk T1: 90% SD + 10% dedak padi (substrat komersial sebagai kawalan); T2: 30% RS + 20% SD + 50% PPF; T3: 50% RS + 50% PPF; T4: 100% RS; dan T5: 100% PPF. Kesesuaian substrat ditentukan berdasarkan pertumbuhan, hasil, nutrisi dan kandungan mineral dalam cendawan. Pertumbuhan dan hasil badan buah cendawan pada substrat yang berbeza menunjukkan perbezaan yang ketara. Hari penuaian cendawan paling pendek diperoleh pada T4 (100% RS) selepas 29 hari, manakala hari penuaian paling panjang diperoleh pada T1 (90% SD + 10% dedak padi) selepas 51 hari. Hasil tertinggi diperoleh pada T4. Analisis nutrisi menunjukkan perbezaan ketara antara rawatan. Jumlah protein tertinggi (26%) dan abu tertinggi (1.29%) diperoleh pada T5. Secara keseluruhan, keputusan kajian menunjukkan bahawa prestasi hasil cendawan yang baik pada RS tetapi kandungan nutrisi paling tinggi pada PPF. Oleh itu, RS dan PPF mempunyai kesan yang baik kepada para pengusaha cendawan sama ada dalam pengeluaran komersial atau industri makanan berfungsi bagi mengurangkan kebergantungan pada SD.  

Kata kunci: Jerami padi; pemakanan; penanaman cendawan tiram kelabu; prestasi pertumbuhan; sabut kelapa sawit tertekan

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^*Corresponding author; email: lailanaher@umk.edu.my