Sains Malaysiana 51(5)(2022): 1353-1362

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2022-5105-07

Sensitivity of Proteus vulgaris to Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles

(Kesensitifan Proteus vulgaris terhadap Nanozarah Zink Oksida)

SINOUVASSANE DJEARAMANE^1,*, THARANI RAVINTHARAN¹, SHAROLYNNE XIAO TONG LIANG¹, LING SHING WONG², MAHADEVA RAO U.S.³ & SENTHILKUMAR BALASUBRAMANIAN⁴

¹Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 31900 Kampar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia

²Life Science Division, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, INTI International University, 71800 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan Darul Khusus, Malaysia

³Biochemistry Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, 20400, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu Darul Iman, Malaysia

⁴Department of Zoology, Thiruvalluvar University, 632115 Vellore, Tamilnadu, India

Received: 25 September 2020/Accepted: 21 September 2021

Abstract

Zinc oxide nanoparticle (ZnO NP) has become a popular choice in nanomedicine and in the treatment of infections. The present study investigated the sensitivity of Proteus vulgaris to ZnO NPs. The bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects on P. vulgaris were determined by using turbidity and colony count methods. The oxidative stress induced by the treatment of ZnO NPs was evaluated by investigating the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) along with lipid peroxidation (LP) analysis. The results showed the highest bacterial growth inhibition of 76.21±1.91 and 87.49±3.29% determined using the turbidity and colony count methods, respectively. The highest oxidative stress effects were observed in P. vulgaris exposed to 100 µg/mL of ZnO NPs for 24 h as shown by 510.90±108.53% increase in ROS production and 328.77±44.36% increase in LP level. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectrum illustrated the possible involvement of functional groups such as amine, alkane, acid and alkene from the bacterial cell wall in allowing the surface attachment of nanoparticles on the bacterial cells. Hence, the present study clearly demonstrated the sensitivity of P. vulgaris to ZnO NPs.

Keywords: Antibacterial property; oxidative stress; Proteus vulgaris; sensitivity; zinc oxide nanoparticles

Abstrak

Nanozarah zink oksida (ZnO NP) telah menjadi pilihan popular dalam nanoperubatan serta dalam rawatan jangkitan. Kajian ini meneliti kesensitifan Proteus vulgaris terhadap ZnO NP. Kesan bakteriostatik dan bakterisid P. vulgaris ditentukan dengan menggunakan kaedah kekeruhan dan penghitungan koloni. Tekanan oksidatif yang disebabkan oleh rawatan ZnO NP dinilai dengan menentukan tahap spesies oksigen reaktif (ROS) intrasel bersama dengan analisis peroksidasi lipid (LP). Hasil menunjukkan perencatan pertumbuhan bakteria tertinggi iaitu 76.21±1.91 dan 87.49±3.29% masing-masing ditentukan menggunakan kaedah kekeruhan dan penghitungan koloni. Kesan tekanan oksidatif tertinggi diperhatikan pada P. vulgaris yang terdedah kepada 100 µg/mL ZnO NP selama 24 jam seperti yang ditunjukkan oleh peningkatan pengeluaran ROS sebanyak 510.90±108.53% dan peningkatan tahap LP sebanyak 328.77±44.36%. Spektrum transformasi Fourier inframerah (FTIR) menunjukkan kemungkinan penglibatan kumpulan berfungsi seperti amina, alkana, asid dan alkena daripada dinding sel bakteria yang membolehkan pelekatan permukaan nanozarah pada sel bakteria. Oleh itu, kajian ini menunjukkan dengan jelas kesensitifan P. vulgaris terhadap ZnO NP.

Kata kunci: Kesensitifan; nanozarah zink oksida; Proteus vulgaris; sifat antibakteria; tekanan oksidatif

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^*Corresponding author; email: sinouvassane@utar.edu.my