Sains Malaysiana 51(6)(2022): 1687-1696

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2022-5106-07

Diversity and Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of Fungal Endophytes from the Roots of Eucalyptus deglupta

(Kepelbagaian serta Aktiviti Antibakteria dan Antioksidan Endofit Kulat daripada Akar Eucalyptus deglupta)

WEI WANG^†,1, ZILING MAO^†,1, CHUNYIN WU¹, HAMZA SHAHID¹, SHENGKUN WANG^2,* & TIJIANG SHAN¹

¹College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Guangzhou, 510642, China

²Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China

Received: 1 January 2021/Accepted: 22 November 2021

ABSTRACT

In this study, 45 endophytic fungal strains were isolated from the roots of Eucalyptus deglupta. Among them, 16 distinct strains were identified and classified into 14 different genera (Celoporthe, Aspergillus, Castanediella, Chaetomium, Biscogniauxia, Sordariales, Pestalotiopsis, Clitopilus, Cylindrocladiella, Calonectria, Trichoderma, Xylaria, Neofusicoccum and Pleosporales) according to their morphological characteristics and molecular information. The genera Aspergillus and Calonectria were the dominant endophytic fungi in the roots of E. deglupta. In addition, the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of the 16 endophytic fungi isolated from the roots of E. deglupta were evaluated. All the strains displayed inhibitory activities against Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Xanthomonas vesicatoria. Strains Edf-1 to Edf-4, Edf-11 and Edf-12 demonstrated strong inhibitory activity against R. solanacearum with plaque diameters between 5 and 10 mm. The crude extract of Edf-14 had inhibitory activity against all tested bacteria. Five strains, Edf-1 to Edf-5, demonstrated a strong scavenging capacity for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), with IC₅₀ values of 0.26 ± 0.04, 0.11 ± 0.03, 0.20 ± 0.05, 0.10 ± 0.04 and 0.14 ± 0.02 mg/mL, respectively. Hence, endophytic fungi isolated from the roots of E. deglupta showed antibacterial and antioxidant activities, providing a theoretical foundation for further isolation and identification of specific active components.

Keywords: Antibacterial activity; antioxidant activity; crude extracts; endophytic fungi; Eucalyptus deglupta

ABSTRAK

Dalam kajian ini, 45 strain kulat endofit telah dipencilkan daripada akarEucalyptus deglupta. Sejumlah 16 strain yang ternyata berbeza di antaranya telah dikenal pasti dan dikelaskan kepada 14 genera berbeza (Celoporthe, Aspergillus, Castanediella, Chaetomium, Biscogniauxia, Sordariales, Pestalotiopsis, Clitopilus, Cylindrocladiella, Calonectria, Trichoderma, Xylaria, Neofusicoccum dan Pleosporales) berdasarkan ciri morfologi dan maklumat molekul. Genera Aspergillus dan Calonectria adalah kulat endofit yang dominan dalam akar E. deglupta. Di samping itu, aktiviti antibakteria dan antioksidan bagi kesemua 16 kulat endofit yang dipencilkan daripada akarE. deglupta telah dinilai. Kesemua strain menunjukkan aktiviti perencatan terhadapAgrobacterium tumefaciens, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli dan Xanthomonas vesicatoria. Strain Edf-1 hingga Edf-4, Edf-11 dan Edf-12 telah menunjukkan aktiviti perencatan yang kuat terhadapR. solanacearum dengan menghasilkan plak berdiameter antara 5 dan 10 mm. Ekstrak kasar Edf-14 mempunyai aktiviti perencatan terhadap semua bakteria yang diuji. Sebanyak lima strain iaitu Edf-1 hingga Edf-5 telah menunjukkan kapasiti penghapusan radikal yang kuat oleh 2,2-difenil-1-pikrylhidrazil (DPPH), dengan IC₅₀ masing-masing bernilai 0.26 ± 0.04, 0.11 ± 0.03, 0.20 ± 0.05, 0.104, 0.104 dan 0.11. 0.14 ± 0.02 mg/mL. Oleh itu, kulat endofit yang dipencilkan daripada akarE. deglupta telah menunjukkan aktiviti antibakteria dan antioksidan yang menyediakan asas teori bagi kajian lanjutan untuk memencilkan dan mengenal pasti komponen aktif yang khusus.

Kata kunci: Aktiviti antibakteria; aktiviti antioksidan; ekstrak mentah; Eucalyptus deglupta; kulat endofit

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^*Corresponding author; email: wskun2001@163.com