Sains Malaysiana 51(6)(2022): 1753-1764

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2022-5106-12

Biosorption of Pb²⁺ using Fusarium sp. RS01, a Hg²⁺ and Pb²⁺-Resistant Indigenous Fungus of an Abandoned Illegal Gold Mining Site

(Biopenyerapan bagi Pb²⁺ menggunakan Fusarium sp. RS01, sebagai Kulat Asli Kalis Hg²⁺ dan Pb²⁺ Bertempat di Tapak Perlombongan Emas Haram Terbiar)

RISA NOFIANI^1,*, RIO¹, KIKI KOMALASARI¹, PUJI ARDININGSIH¹ & SRI JUARI SANTOSA²

¹Department of Chemistry, Mathematics and Natural Sciences Faculty, Tanjungpura University, Jl. Prof. Dr. H. Hadari Nawawi, Pontianak, Indonesia 78124

²Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta, Indonesia 55281

Received: 3 August 2021/Accepted: 2 November 2021

Abstract

This study aims to identify and characterize Hg²⁺ and Pb²⁺-resistant indigenous fungi that originated in Mandor, an abandoned illegal gold mining site in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. The resistant fungus which has the highest ability in uptaking Pb²⁺ is then further examined for its biosorption characteristics towards Pb²⁺. Three different samples consisted of samples taken in the sand area (RP), rhizosphere area (RR) and sediment area (RS) were collected as the sources of fungi. The three types of samples were inoculated in a potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium supplemented with 7.4 ppm of HgCl₂ and 7.5 ppm of PbCl₂ for screening Hg²⁺ and Pb²⁺-resistant fungi, respectively. Each screened fungus was identified macroscopically and microscopically. The tolerant index (TI) towards Hg²⁺ and Pb²⁺ was checked by measuring the fungal growth diameter in a PDA medium without or with the presence of different HgCl₂ or PbCl₂ concentrations. From six identified fungi, five of them showed resistance towards Hg²⁺ and Pb²⁺ to maximum concentrations of 200 ppm of HgCl₂ and 2085 ppm of PbCl₂, respectively. The five identified fungi were Penicillium sp. RR01, Aspergillus sp. RR02, Aspergillus sp. RR03, Aspergillus niger RP01, and Fusarium sp. RS01. At the optimum condition of pH 6 and adsorption time 15 min, the application of 200 ppm of Fusarium sp. was able to remove 9.5 ppm of Pb²⁺. This Pb²⁺ biosorption followed well Freundlich isotherm model indicating that the Fusarium sp. RS01 had heterogenous active sites for the adsorption.

Keywords: Aspergillus sp.; biosorption; Fusarium sp.; Hg²⁺; isotherm model; Pb²⁺

Abstrak

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti dan mencirikan kulat asli kalis Hg²⁺ dan Pb²⁺ yang berasal dari Mandor, sebuah tapak perlombongan emas haram terbiar di Kalimantan Barat, Indonesia. Kulat kalis yang mempunyai keupayaan untuk menyerap Pb²⁺ yang paling tinggi dicirikan untuk analisis biopenyerapannya terhadap Pb²⁺. Tiga sampel berbeza terdiri daripada sampel yang diambil di kawasan pasir (RP), kawasan rizosfera (RR) dan kawasan mendapan (RS) telah dikumpulkan sebagai sumber kulat. Ketiga-tiga jenis sampel telah diinokulasi dalam medium agar dekstrosa kentang (PDA) dan ditambah dengan 7.4 ppm HgCl₂ dan 7.5 ppm PbCl₂ untuk saringan kulat kalis Hg²⁺ dan Pb²⁺. Setiap kulat yang disaring dikenal pasti secara makroskopik dan mikroskopik. Indeks toleransi (TI) terhadap Hg²⁺ dan Pb²⁺ telah diperiksa dengan mengukur diameter pertumbuhan kulat dalam medium PDA tanpa atau dengan kehadiran kepekatan HgCl₂ atau PbCl₂ yang berbeza. Daripada enam kulat yang dikenal pasti, lima daripadanya menunjukkan rintangan terhadap Hg²⁺ dan Pb²⁺ kepada kepekatan maksimum iaitu 200 ppm HgCl₂ dan 2085 ppm PbCl₂, masing-masing. Lima kulat yang dikenal pasti ialah Penicillium sp. RR01, Aspergillus sp. RR02, Aspergillus sp. RR03, Aspergillus niger RP01, dan Fusarium sp. RS01. Pada keadaan optimum iaitu pada pH 6 dan masa penjerapan selama 15 min, penggunaan 200 ppm Fusarium sp. dapat mengeluarkan 9.5 ppm Pb²⁺. Biopenyerapan bagi Pb²⁺ ini menuruti model isoterma Freundlich yang menunjukkan bahawa Fusarium sp. RS01 mempunyai tapak aktif heterogen untuk penjerapan.

Kata kunci: Aspergillus sp.; biopenyerapan; Fusarium sp.; Hg²⁺; model isoterma; Pb²⁺

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^*Corresponding author; email: risa.nofiani@chemistry.untan.ac.id