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Sains Malaysiana 51(7)(2022):
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2022-5107-10
Molecular Incidence of Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora
caninum, and Cryptosporidium parvum in Dissimilar Kinds of Raw and
Pasteurized Milk Samples of Naturally Infected Animal Species
(Kejadian Molekul Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora
caninum dan Cryptosporidium parvum dalam Sampel Susu Mentah dan Terpasteur
Tak Serupa daripada Spesies Haiwan yang Dijangkiti secara Semula Jadi)
FARZAD ABDOLLAHZADEH1,
MOHAMMAD SADEGH SAFAEE FIROUZABADI2 & ROMINA RASHID
SHOMALI3,*
1Department of Animal Science, Animal
Nutrition, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran
2Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ardakan University, P.O. Box 184, Ardakan, lran
3Health
Research Center, Alzahra Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences,
Rasht, Iran
Received: 30 July 2021/Accepted: 28 December 2021
Milk of naturally infected animal
species is considered an essential reservoir of Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora
caninum, and Cryptosporidium parvum. An extant survey was performed
to measure the T. gondii, N. caninum, and C. parvum incidence
and periodic frequency amongst milk samples. One-thousand and one-hundred and
sixty raw and 400 pasteurized milk samples were collected. Milk samples were
used for DNA extraction. The nested-polymerase chain reaction was applied to diagnose B1, NP, and hsp70 genes of the T. gondii, N.
caninum, and C. parvum, respectively. The total incidence of T.
gondii, N. caninum, and C. parvum in examined milk samples were
2.69%, 10.51%, and 2.94%, respectively. Co-contamination of examined milk
samples with all three protozoa was 0.38%. T. gondii had the highest
distribution amongst raw sheep (5.00%) milk samples, while N. caninum,
and C. parvum had the highest distribution in raw buffalo (23.68% and
6.31%, respectively) milk samples. Marked periodicity with the higher
distribution of all protozoa among raw milk samples collected during autumn and
summer seasons were found (P <0.05). Raw milk of animal species and
pasteurized cow milk may be reservoirs of N. caninum, T. gondii,
and C. parvum. Accurate monitoring of raw and pasteurized milk,
particularly in autumn and summer seasons, can diminish the risk of human and
animal toxoplasmosis, cryptosporidiosis, and neosporosis. However, further
investigations are essential to understand the exact epidemiological aspects
and other risk factors associated with the N. caninum, C. parvum,
and T. gondii presence in raw and pasteurized milk.
Keywords: Cryptosporidium parvum; incidence; milk; Neospora caninum; Toxoplasma
gondii
ABSTRAK
Susu
spesies haiwan yang dijangkiti secara semula jadi dianggap sebagai takungan
penting Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum dan Cryptosporidium
parvum. Tinjauan sedia ada telah dilakukan untuk mengukur insiden T.
gondii, N. caninum dan C. parvum serta kekerapan berkala di antara
sampel susu. Satu-ribu seratus enam puluh sampel susu mentah dan 400 sampel
susu pasteur telah dikumpulkan. Sampel susu tersebut digunakan bagi
pengekstrakan DNA. Tindak balas rantai polimerase berantai (PCR) telah
digunakan untuk mendiagnosis gen B1, NP, dan hsp70 masing-masing T. gondii, N. caninum dan C. parvum.
Jumlah insiden T. gondii, N. caninum dan C. parvum dalam sampel
susu yang diperiksa masing-masing ialah 2.69%, 10.51%, dan 2.94%. Pencemaran
bersama sampel susu yang diperiksa dengan ketiga-tiga protozoa ialah 0.38%. T.
gondii mempunyai taburan tertinggi dalam sampel susu kambing biri-biri
mentah (5.00%), manakala N. caninum dan C. parvum mempunyai
taburan tertinggi dalam sampel susu kerbau mentah (23.68% dan 6.31%,
masing-masing). Insiden berkala yang ketara dengan pengedaran yang lebih tinggi
bagi semua protozoa dalam kalangan sampel susu mentah yang dikumpul semasa
musim luruh dan musim panas ditemui (P <0.05). Susu mentah
spesies haiwan dan susu lembu dipasteur mungkin merupakan takungan N.
caninum, T. gondii dan C. parvum. Pemantauan tepat susu mentah dan
pasteur, terutamanya pada musim luruh dan musim panas, boleh mengurangkan
risiko toksoplasmosis manusia dan haiwan, cryptosporidiosis dan neosporosis.
Walau bagaimanapun, kajian lanjut adalah penting untuk memahami aspek
epidemiologi yang tepat dan faktor risiko lain yang dikaitkan dengan kehadiran N.
caninum, C. parvum dan T. gondii dalam susu mentah dan pasteur.
Kata
kunci: Cryptosporidium parvum; insiden; Neospora caninum; susu; Toxoplasma
gondii
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*Corresponding author; email: Romshomali@yahoo.com
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