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Sains Malaysiana 51(7)(2022):
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2022-5107-15
Interleukin-1b and Interferon-g are Associated with
Malaria-Induced Hypoinsulinemic Hypoglycemia in Plasmodium berghei Anka-Infected Mice
(Interleukin-1b dan Interferon-g dikaitkan dengan Hipoglisemia Hipoinsulinemik Mengaruh
Malaria pada Tikus yang Dijangkiti Plasmodium berghei Anka)
RUJIKORN RATTANATHAM1,2 &
VORAVUTH SOMSAK1,2,*
1School
of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160,
Thailand
2Research
Excellence Center for Innovation and Health Products, Walailak University,
Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
Received: 17 May 2021/Accepted: 30 November 2021
Abstract
Malaria-induced
hypoglycemia is recognized as a serious complication of malaria and has one of
the strongest associations with mortality in children. It has been speculated
that oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory response during parasite infection
were involved in its pathophysiology. Hence, this study aimed to investigate
the development of malaria-induced hypoglycemia during Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbANKA) infection with particular attention to the involvement of
c-peptide, interleukin-1b (IL-1b), and interferon-g (IFN-g). ICR
mice were infected with 1×107 parasitized erythrocytes of PbANKA,
and parasitemia was monitored, and
the development of hypoglycemia was assessed by measuring plasma glucose
levels. The change of c-peptide level was evaluated. The pro-inflammatory
response of IL-1b and
IFN-g were
also quantified in plasma. It was found that PbANKA infection resulted in
hypoglycemia as indicated by a significantly (P < 0.05) decrease in
plasma glucose levels on day 4 post-infection and associated with parasitemia.
The c-peptide was slightly increased at day 2 post-infection, and then
significantly (P < 0.05) decreased since day 4. Furthermore, we
observed a significantly (P < 0.05) increased IL-1b,
firstly responded, at day 2 post-infection followed by increasing the IFN-g level
at day 4 in PbANKA-induced hypoglycemia. Our findings support the idea that
hypoinsulinemic hypoglycemia in the PbANKA infected mice may be involved in the
high IL-1b and
IFN-g against the parasite infection.
Keywords:
Hypoglycemia; IFN-g; IL-1b; malaria;
Plasmodium berghei
Abstrak
Hipoglisemia yang disebabkan oleh malaria dikenali sebagai
komplikasi malaria yang serius dan mempunyai salah satu kaitan paling kuat
dengan kematian yang berlaku dalam kalangan kanak-kanak. Spekulasi bahawa tekanan
oksidatif dan tindak balas pro-radang semasa jangkitan parasit terlibat dengan patofisiologinya.
Oleh itu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji perkembangan hipoglikemia yang
disebabkan oleh malaria semasa jangkitan Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbANKA)
dengan perhatian khusus dilakukan terhadap penglibatan c-peptida, interleukin-1b (IL-1b) dan
interferon-g (IFN-g). Tikus ICR telah dijangkiti dengan 1×107 eritrosit parasit PbANKA dan parasitemia dipantau dan perkembangan hipoglikemia
dinilai dengan mengukur tahap glukosa pada plasma. Perubahan tahap c-peptida
ini dinilai. Tindak balas pro-radang IL-1b dan IFN-g juga dikira pada plasma. Jangkitan PbANKA didapati
telah mengakibatkan hipoglikemia dan berlakunya penurunan ketara (P <0.05) dalam paras glukosa plasma
pada hari ke-4 selepas jangkitan dan dikaitkan dengan parasitemia. C-peptida
meningkat sedikit pada hari ke-2 selepas jangkitan dan kemudian menurun dengan
ketara (P <0.05) pada hari ke-4.
Seterusnya peningkatan ketara (P <0.05) IL-1b berlaku, yang
mula bertindak balas, pada hari ke-2 selepas jangkitan diikuti dengan
meningkatkan tahap IFN-g pada hari
ke-4 dalam hipoglikemia yang disebabkan oleh PbANKA. Penemuan kajian menyokong
idea bahawa hipoglikemia hipoinsulinemia pada tikus yang dijangkiti PbANKA
mungkin terlibat dalam peningkatan IL-1b dan IFN-g terhadap jangkitan parasit.
Kata kunci: Hipoglisemia; IFN-g; IL-1b; malaria; Plasmodium berghei
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*Corresponding
author; email: voravuth.so@wu.ac.th
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