Sains Malaysiana 51(8)(2022): 2473-2493

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2022-5108-11

Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticle-Templated Ionic Liquid as a Drug Carrier for Ibuprofen and Quercetin

(Nanozarah Silika Mesoliang Templat Cecair Ion sebagai Pembawa Ubat untuk Ibuprofen dan Kuersetin)

NAJIHAH RAMELI¹, KHAIRULAZHAR JUMBRI^1,2,*, ANITA RAMLI¹, ROSWANIRA ABDUL WAHAB³, HASLINA AHMAD⁴ & MOHD BASYARUDDIN ABDUL RAHMAN⁴

¹Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia

²Centre of Research in Ionic Liquids (CORIL), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP), Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia

³Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 Skudai, Johor Bahru, Johor Darul Takzim, Malaysia

⁴Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

Received: 13 December 2021/Accepted: 4 March 2022

Abstract

In this study, a series of mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSN) was successfully synthesized using different ionic liquids (ILs) as a template. Five ILs and a surfactant with different alkyl side chains and types of anion namely 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide ([C₁₂mim][I]), 3-diethylamino propanol vanillate (DV), 2-butylamino ethanol salicylate (BS), 3-diethylamino propanol salicylate (DS), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide ([bmim][NTf₂]) and hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) were used. All MSNs produced have broad peaks, indicating mesoporous silica in amorphous form as observed by XRD while the morphology of MSN showed the agglomeration of particles and due to parallel arrangement pores size in both for FESEM and HRTEM. The MSNs are amorphous and displayed Type IV BET isotherm with H₂ hysteresis loops which is a typical isotherm for mesoporous materials and the highest surface area obtained was 638 m²/g. The study on uptake and release of ibuprofen and quercetin were carried out, where ibuprofen showed higher drug uptake compared to quercetin due to better interaction of MSN with drug molecules. The drug release conducted at 48 h indicates 33.1% of ibuprofen and 38.4% quercetin released. It can be indicated that MSN-BS is the best for drug loading and release. Drugs release kinetics study indicated that the release process follows the Korsmeyer peppes model. The best efficiency of drug loading for MSN-BS/IBU and MSN-BS/QUE was at 48 h and 25 °C with 250 rpm stirring rate for both IBU and QUE, respectively.

Keywords: Drug delivery; ibuprofen; ionic liquids; mesoporous silica; quercetin

ABSTRAK

Dalam kajian ini, satu siri nanozarah silika mesoliang (MSN) telah berjaya disintesis daripada cecair ion (IL) yang berbeza sebagai templat. Lima jenis IL dan surfaktan dengan rantai sisi alkil dan jenis anion yang berbeza iaitu 1-dodesil-3-metilimidaolium iodida ([C₁₂mim] [I]), 3-dietilamino propanol vanilla (DV), 2-butilamino etanol salsilat (BS), 3-diethilamino propanol salisilat (DS), 1-butil-3-metilimidaolium bis (triflorometilsulfanol) imida ([bmim] [NTf₂]) dan heksadesiltrimetilammonium bromida (CTAB) telah digunakan. Semua MSN yang dihasilkan mempunyai puncak yang luas, hal ini menunjukkan kehadiran silika dalam bentuk amorfus seperti yang diperhatikan oleh XRD, sementara morfologi MSN mendedahkan bahawa penggumpalan zarah adalah disebabkan oleh saiz nanozarah MSN itu sendiri dan saiz liang yang mempunyai susunan selari telah disahkan oleh FESEM dan HRTEM. MSN ini adalah amorfus dan menunjukkan BET isoterma jenis IV dengan gelung histeresis H₂ iaitu jenis isoterma yang sering dikaitkan dengan bahan mesoliang dan luas permukaan tertinggi dicapai adalah 638 m²/g. Kajian melibatkan penyerapan dan pelepasan ibuprofen dan kuersetin telah dijalankan, yang mana menunjukkan ibuprofen mempunyai penyerapan ubat yang lebih tinggi berbanding kuersetin disebabkan oleh interaksi yang lebih baik antara MSN dengan molekul ubat. Pelepasan ubat telah dilaksanakan selama 48 jam menunjukkan hanya 33.1% ibuprofen dan 38.4% kuersetin berjaya dilepaskan. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa MSN BS merupakan pembawa ubat yang baik untuk ibuprofen. Kajian kinetik berkenaan pelepasan ubat mendedahkan proses pelepasan adalah mematuhi model Korsemeyerpoppes. Kecekapan pemuatan ubat terbaik bagi MSN-BS/IBU dan MSN-BS/QUE adalah pada 48 jam dan 25 °C dengan kadar pengadukan 250 rpm untuk IBU dan QUE.

Kata kunci: Cecair ion; ibuprofen; kuersetin; penghantaran dadah; silika mesoporus

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^*Corresponding author; email: khairulazhar.jumbri@utp.edu.my