Sains Malaysiana 51(8)(2022): 2495-2506

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2022-5108-12

 

Microplastics in Cosmetics and Personal Care Products: Impacts on Aquatic Life and Rodents with Potential Alternatives

(Mikroplastik dalam Produk Kosmetik dan Penjagaan Diri: Implikasi terhadap Kehidupan Akuatik dan Roden dengan Alternatif Berpotensi)

 

NUR ANIS SOFIAH M RAHIM1, FARIDA ISLAHUDIN2, NURFAIZAH ABU TAHRIM3 & MALINA JASAMAI1,*

 

1Centre for Drug & Herbal Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia

2Quality Use of Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia

3Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

 

Received: 12 August 2021/Accepted: 18 February 2022

 

ABSTRACT

Microplastics are environmental contaminants of emerging concern that are used in huge quantities in cosmetics and personal care products. As a result, microplastics are continuously released to the environment with serious implications to the ecosystem and human health. A literature search was carried out on Medline, Mendeley, Science Direct and Scopus, gathering relevant articles from 2014-2021. Common types of microplastics used in these products are polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). They are usually incorporated in toothpastes, shower gels, shampoos, creams, eye shadows, deodorants, blush powders, make-up foundations and skin creams as exfoliators, emulsifiers, binding agents, opacifying agents, anti-static agents and film-forming agents. Microplastics can cause stunted growth, infertility and low survival rate in aquatic life and they also have been linked to obesity, infertility, cancer and diabetes in humans. Major companies such as Unilever and L'Oréal have removed microplastics from their products or use the alternatives such as chitin, cellulose based microbeads and bio-based plastics. Information on long term effects of microplastics on humans is still scarce. The suitability of materials replacing microplastics and the effectiveness of campaigns and the implemented regulations are not fully evaluated. These research gaps are useful for other researchers to explore more on this subject.

 

Keywords: Contaminant; cosmetics; environment; microplastic; personal care products

 

ABSTRAK

Mikroplastik ialah pencemar alam sekitar dan lebih membimbangkan apabila ia digunakan dalam jumlah yang besar di dalam kosmetik dan produk penjagaan diri. Ini mengakibatkan pelepasan mikroplastik ke alam sekitar secara berterusan dan ia memberi implikasi yang serius terhadap ekosistem dan kesihatan manusia. Sorotan kajian dijalankan di Medline, Mendeley, Science Direct dan Scopus, dengan mengumpulkan artikel yang berkaitan dari tahun 2014-2021. Jenis mikroplastik yang biasa digunakan dalam produk ini ialah polietilena (PE), polipropilena (PP), polietilena tereftalat (PET) dan poli (metil metakrilat) (PMMA). Ia biasanya merupakan bahan tambah dalam ubat gigi, gel mandian, syampu, krim, pembayang mata, deodoran, serbuk pemerah pipi, asas solekan dan krim kulit sebagai pengelupas, pengemulsi, agen pengikat, agen pelegap, agen anti statik dan agen pembentuk filem. Mikroplastik boleh menyebabkan tumbesaran terbantut, ketidaksuburan dan kadar kelangsungan hidup yang rendah pada hidupan akuatik dan ia juga telah dikaitkan dengan obesiti, ketidaksuburan, kanser dan diabetes pada manusia. Banyak syarikat besar seperti Unilever dan L'Oréal yang telah mengeluarkan mikroplastik daripada produk mereka atau menggunakan alternatif seperti kitin, mikromanik berasaskan selulosa dan plastik berasaskan bio. Maklumat tentang kesan jangka panjang mikroplastik terhadap manusia masih terhad. Kesesuaian bahan menggantikan mikroplastik dan keberkesanan kempen dan peraturan yang dilaksanakan tidak dinilai sepenuhnya. Jurang penyelidikan yang dikenal pasti ini berguna untuk penyelidik lain meneroka lebih lanjut mengenai subjek ini.

 

Kata kunci: Alam sekitar; kosmetik; mikroplastik; pencemar; produk penjagaan diri

 

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*Corresponding author; email: malina@ukm.edu.my

 

 

 

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