Sains Malaysiana 51(8)(2022): 2681-2693

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2022-5108-26  

Potensi Rizom Serai Acheh (Elettariopsis smithiae) sebagai Punca Tumbuhan Antioksida: Kesan Suhu dan Masa Pengekstrakan terhadap Antioksida, Perubahan Warna dan Sebatian Meruap

(Potential Rhizome of Serai Acheh (Elettariopsis smithiae) as a Plant Source of Antioxidants: Effects of Temperature and Extraction Time on Antioxidants, Color Change, and Volatable Compounds)

NUR ATIQAH AS’ARI^1,3, SYAHIRAH AB. HALIM¹, NURFATIMAH MOHD THANI^1,2 & HASLANIZA HASHIM^1,2,*

¹Jabatan Sains Makanan, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

²Pusat Inovasi dan Teknologi Manisan (MANIS), Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

³Politeknik Tun Syed Nasir Syed Ismail, Jabatan Teknologi Kimia dan Makanan, Jalan Panchor, 84600 Pagoh, Johor Darul Takzim, Malaysia

Received: 11 March 2022/Accepted: 19 April 2022

Abstrak

Serai Acheh (Elettariopsis smithiae) ialah tumbuhan herba daripada famili Zingiberaceae (Halia) yang digunakan dalam perawatan tradisi. Matlamat kajian ini adalah untuk mengkaji potensi rizom serai Acheh sebagai punca antioksidan semula jadi, mengenal pasti komponen meruap dan menilai perubahan warna yang disebabkan oleh pengekstrakan pada pelbagai parameter. Sampel dikeringkan dalam ketuhar vakum (45 ℃, 0.4 bar) dan diekstrak dengan air suling pada 1:50 (sampel: pelarut) pada pelbagai suhu (50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃) dan masa (40 min, 80 min, 120 min). Pengekstrakan pada suhu 60 ºC selama 120 minit mencatatkan TPC tertinggi iaitu sebanyak 84.59 mg GAE/g manakala pengekstrakan pada suhu 60 ºC selama 40 minit merekodkan nilai FRAP tertinggi iaitu 1176.4 μM FeII/g berbanding sampel lain. Sampel yang diekstrak pada suhu 70 ºC selama 80 minit mencatatkan peratus penyingkiran radikal DPPH tertinggi iaitu 83.37%, namun begitu tiada perbezaan yang signifikan (p>0.05) berbanding sampel yang diekstrak pada suhu 60 ºC selama 80 minit. Nilai peratus penyingkiran radikal kation ABTS tertinggi iaitu 69.59% juga dicatatkan pada suhu pengekstrakan 60 ºC selama 80 minit. Pengekstrakan rizom serai Acheh pada suhu 60 ºC selama 80 minit adalah yang paling optimum. Kesan perlakuan suhu dan masa pengekstrakan juga menyumbang kepada perubahan warna (ΔE) ekstrak rizom serai Acheh yang signifikan (p<0.05) terhadap sampel kawalan. Sebatian eukaliptol, fensil alkohol, borneol, fensil asetat dan 4-etinil-4,8,8-trimetil-2-metilidenabisiklo [5.2.0] nonana adalah sebatian meruap yang dominan ditemui pada sampel kawalan dan sampel rizom serai Acheh yang telah diekstrak pada keadaan optimum. Kandungan antioksida dan kehadiran sebatian meruap membuktikan bahawa rizom serai Acheh mempunyai potensi sebagai punca antioksida semula jadi dan menjadi alternatif kepada antioksida sintetik.

Kata kunci: Antioksidan; pengekstrakan; sebatian meruap; tumbuhan herba; warna

Abstract

Serai Acheh (Elettariopsis smithiae) is a herbaceous plant from the Zingiberaceae (Ginger) family used in traditional treatments on various parameters. Samples were dried in a vacuum oven (45 ℃, 0.4 bar) and extracted with distilled water at 1:50 (sample: solvent) at various temperatures (50, 60, 70) and times (40 min, 80 min, 120 min). Extraction at 60 ºC for 120 min recorded the highest TPC of 84.59 mg GAE/g while extraction at 60 ºC for 40 min recorded the highest FRAP value of 1176.4 μM FeII/g compared to other samples. Samples extracted at 70 ºC for 80 min recorded the highest percentage of DPPH radical removal of 83.37%, however, there was no significant difference (p> 0.05) compared to samples extracted at 60 ºC for 80 min. The highest ABTS cation radical removal percentage value of 69.59% was also recorded at an extraction temperature of 60 ºC for 80 min. Serai Acheh rhizome extraction at 60 ºC for 80  min was the most optimal. The effect of temperature treatment and extraction time also contributed to the significant colour change (ΔE) of Acheh lemongrass rhizome extract (p <0.05) on the control samples. The compounds eucalyptol, fencil alcohol, borneol, fencil acetate and 4-ethenyl-4,8,8-trimethyl-2-methylidenebicyclo[5.2.0]nonane were the dominant volatile compounds found in control samples and Serai Acheh rhizome samples that were extracted on optimum condition. The antioxidant content and the presence of volatile compounds proved that the rhizomes of Serai Acheh have the potential as a source of natural antioxidants and to be an alternative to synthetic antioxidants.

Keywords: Antioxidant; color; extraction; herbal plant; volatile compounds

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^*Corresponding author; email: haslaniza@ukm.edu.my