Sains Malaysiana 51(9)(2022): 3043-3057

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2022-5109-24

Potensi Sungkup Plastik daripada Filem Selulosa Terjana Semula: Suatu Ulasan

(Potential of Plastic Mulch From Regenerated Cellulose Film: A Review)

Nursyamimi Ahmad Ghazali¹, Kushairi Mohd Salleh^2,3,*, Nur Fathihah Jafri¹ & Sarani Zakaria¹

¹Jabatan Fizik Gunaan, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

²Bioresource Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia

³Renewable Biomass Transformation Cluster, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia

Received: 9 July 2021/Accepted: 31 March 2022

Abstrak

Sungkup ialah bahan yang dihamparkan pada permukaan tanah, digunakan secara khusus untuk pertanian. Penggunaan sungkup plastik (SP) dalam bidang pertanian masih berterusan di seluruh dunia sejak berpuluh tahun yang lalu. Ia merupakan teknologi penting dalam pertanian yang meningkatkan hasil dan kualiti tanaman dengan penggunaan input air yang rendah. Bahan SP telah dikelaskan kepada dua kumpulan iaitu sungkup berasaskan petroleum dan sungkup berasaskan bahan semula jadi daripada sisa pertanian. Tanah tanpa sungkup mendorong kepada beberapa masalah seperti tanggalan zarah, adangan permukaan, kerakan dan padatan. Namun, penggunaan SP yang berlebihan dalam pertanian moden telah mengancam kelestarian keseluruhan ekosistem yang disebabkan oleh pengekalan sisa plastik pada persekitaran daratan dan akuatik. Oleh yang demikian, rantaian tanaman termasuklah tumbuhan, tanah dan air serta manusia juga terdedah kepada ancaman ini. Permasalahan ini telah mendorong kepada penghasilan sungkup plastik terbiodegradasi (SPB) seperti filem selulosa terjana semula (FSTS). Maka, ulasan kajian terhadap potensi SPB khususnya FSTS yang merangkumi fizikal, mekanikal, kimia dan sifat biodegradasi menjadi fokus utama dalam penulisan makalah ini.

Kata kunci: Penghasilan; produk berasaskan biosumber; produk hijau; sifat fizikal; sifat kimia; sifat mekanikal

Abstract

Mulch is a material spread on the soil surface, explicitly used for agriculture. The use of plastic mulch (PM) in agriculture has continued worldwide for the past decades. It is an important technology in agriculture that improves crop yields and quality with low water input consumption. PM materials have been classified into two groups, petroleum-based mulches and mulches based on natural materials or agricultural waste. Soil without mulch leads to several problems such as particle detachment, surface sealing, crusting, and soil compaction. However, the excessive use of PM in modern agriculture has threatened the sustainability of the entire ecosystem due to the retention of plastic waste in terrestrial and aquatic environments. Therefore, crop chains including plants, soil, and water and humans are also vulnerable to this threat. This problem has led to biodegradable plastic mulch (BPM) production, such as regenerated cellulose film (RCF). Therefore, a review on BPM, specifically RCF based on their physical, mechanical, chemical and biodegradable properties, is the main focus in writing this paper.

Keywords: Bioresource based products; chemical properties; mechanical properties; green products; mechanical properties; physical properties; production

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^*Corresponding author; email: kmsalleh@usm.my