Sains Malaysiana 51(9)(2022): 3113-3123

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2022-5109-30

Pencirian Permukaan Kakisan Keluli Karbon dengan Kehadiran Konsortium Bakteria Penurun Sulfat dalam Persekitaran Bergas CO₂

(Surface Characteristics of Carbon Steels in the Presence of Sulfate Reducing Bacteria Consortiums in CO₂ Gas Environment)

RABIAHTUL ZULKAFLI¹, NORINSAN KAMIL OTHMAN*¹ & NAJMIDDIN YAAKOB²

¹Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

²Centre of Industrial Process Reliability and Sustainability (INPRES), School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

Received: 11 March 2022/Accepted: 22 June 2022

Abstrak

Tingkah laku kakisan keluli karbon API 5L X65 dengan kehadiran bakteria penurun sulfat (SRB) dalam persekitaran CO₂ adalah dikaji. Uji kaji yang dijalankan bagi meneliti tingkah laku kakisan adalah ujian kehilangan berat dan analisis permukaan. Spesimen keluli karbon didedahkan kepada medium kawalan (tanpa konsortium bakteria) dan dengan kehadiran konsortium SRB selama 10 hari dalam aliran gas CO₂ yang berterusan. Biofilem, produk kakisan dan kedalaman lubang yang terhasil dicirikan dengan mikroskopi elektron imbasan pancaran medan (FESEM), spektroskopi tenaga serakan (EDS), mikroskop fokus tak terhingga (IFM) dan belauan sinar-x (XRD). Keputusan daripada ujian kehilangan berat mengesahkan bahawa spesimen dalam keadaan kawalan membentuk kakisan seragam. Manakala analisis IFM membuktikan bahawa sampel dengan kehadiran konsortium SRB menggalakkan penghasilan kakisan setempat. Hal ini merujuk kepada nilai kadar penembusan liang yang lebih tinggi daripada kadar kakisan seragam dengan kehadiran konsortium SRB. Penelitian menerusi FESEM-EDS membuktikan kehadiran sulfur pada spesimen logam yang terdedah kepada SRB dalam persekitaran CO₂ yang menyokong pembentukan lapisan FeS. Seterusnya, pencirian XRD mengesahkan pembentukan Fe₃C dan FeS dalam sampel yang terdedah kepada SRB.

Kata kunci: Analisis permukaan; kakisan CO₂; kakisan setempat; konsortium SRB

Abstract

This paper studies the corrosion behaviour of API 5L X65 carbon steel in the presence of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in a CO₂ environment. The experiments carried out to examine the behaviour of corrosion were weight loss test and surface analysis. The carbon steel specimens were exposed to a control medium (without the presence bacteria consortium) and with the presence of SRB consortium for ten days under a continuous flow of CO₂ gas. The corrosion products, inclusive of biofilm formations and pit penetrations, were characterised by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), infinite focus microscopy (IFM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). Results from the weight loss test confirmed that the specimens in the control condition (without SRB) formed uniform corrosion. In comparison, the IFM analysis proved that samples with the presence of SRB consortium promote localised corrosion. The localised corrosion event refers to a higher penetration rate value than the uniform corrosion rate in the SRB consortium. FESEM-EDS analyses proved the presence of sulfur on metal specimens exposed to SRB in a CO₂ environment which supported the formation of FeS layers. Furthermore, XRD characterisation confirmed the formation of Fe₃C and FeS in samples exposed to SRB.

Keywords: CO₂ corrosion; localised corrosion; SRB consortium; surface analysis

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^*Corresponding author; email: insan@ukm.edu.my