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Sains
Malaysiana 52(1)(2023): 139-151
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5201-11
Hydrolysis of Blended Cotton/Polyester Fabric from
Hospital Waste using Subcritical Water
(Hidrolisis Kapas Campuran/Kain Poliester Buangan
dari Hospital menggunakan Air Subkritikal)
NORDIN SABLI1,2,*, SHAMSAINON
ABU TOAT1, HIROYUKI YOSHIDA1 & SHAMSUL IZHAR1
1Department of Chemical
and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra
Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
2Institute of Advance
Technology (ITMA), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul
Ehsan, Malaysia
Received:
28 September 2021/Accepted: 19 August 2022
Abstract
Currently in Malaysia, most wastes
are disposed into poorly managed systems with little or no pollution protection
measures. Large
amounts of wastes such as textiles are generated through hospitals and health
care centers. However, the improper management of these abundantly generated
wastes may pose an environmental pollution problems and fire hazard. Cotton
textile is a potential biomass for bioethanol production. Subcritical water (Sub-CW)
hydrolysis was investigated as an alternative technology for the recycling of
cotton textile waste for current health care waste management. The aim of this
study was to investigate the possibility of complete conversion of cotton
textile waste to ethanol via Sub-CW hydrolysis and fermentation. Sub-CW was carried out to facilitate the
hydrolysis of cellulose component in cotton textile (cotton 75%+polyester 25%). The
study was divided into two parts; (i) To evaluate
the subcritical water parameters
such as temperature and time to achieve maximum yield of sugars. (ii) Fermentation
of the hydrolysate obtained from Sub-CW hydrolysis to ethanol. Under Sub-CW conditions of
temperature (140 °C - 350 °C), reaction time (1-10 min) and water to cotton
ratio (3:1) showed that cotton textile treated at 280 °C for 4 min, was optimal
for maximizing yield of sugar, which was 0.213 g/g-dry sample. The quantitative
analysis by HPLC showed that the soluble carbohydrates in the water phase were
mainly composed of glucose. The obtained glucose concentration, 171 mg/L was
then fermented at 36 °C for 24 hours by Saccharomyces cerevisae (yeast)
to ethanol. Highest yield of ethanol was 0.415 g/g glucose, which was 81.2 % of
theoretical yield. Hydrolysis
with Sub-CW showed the potential to decompose the cotton textile into simple
sugar while keeping sugar degradation to minimal phase and the possibility of
complete conversion of cotton textile waste to ethanol via Sub-CW and
fermentation.
Keywords: Cellulose; cotton textile; ethanol;
fermentation; glucose; subcritical water
Abstrak
Pada masa ini di Malaysia, kebanyakan sisa
dibuang ke dalam sistem yang tidak diurus dengan baik dengan sedikit atau tiada
langkah perlindungan pencemaran. Sejumlah besar bahan buangan seperti tekstil
dijana melalui hospital dan pusat penjagaan kesihatan. Walau bagaimanapun,
pengurusan yang tidak cekap bagi sisa yang dihasilkan dengan banyak ini boleh
menimbulkan masalah pencemaran alam sekitar dan bahaya kebakaran. Tekstil kapas
adalah biojisim yang berpotensi untuk pengeluaran bioetanol. Hidrolisis air subkritikal
(Sub-CW) telah dikaji sebagai teknologi alternatif untuk mengitar semula sisa
tekstil kapas untuk pengurusan sisa penjagaan kesihatan semasa. Matlamat kajian
ini adalah untuk mengkaji kemungkinan penukaran lengkap sisa tekstil kapas
kepada etanol melalui hidrolisis dan penapaian Sub-CW. Sub-CW telah dijalankan
untuk memudahkan hidrolisis komponen selulosa dalam tekstil kapas (kapas
75%+poliester 25%). Kajian ini dibahagikan kepada dua bahagian; (i) Untuk
menilai parameter air subkritikal seperti suhu dan masa untuk mencapai hasil
maksimum gula. (ii) Penapaian hidrolisat yang diperoleh daripada hidrolisis
Sub-CW kepada etanol. Di bawah keadaan Sub-CW suhu (140 °C - 350 °C), masa
tindak balas (1-10 min) dan nisbah air kepada kapas (3:1) mendedahkan bahawa
tekstil kapas dirawat pada 280 °C selama 4 minit, adalah optimum untuk
memaksimumkan hasil gula, iaitu 0.213 g/g-sampel kering. Analisis kuantitatif
oleh HPLC menunjukkan bahawa karbohidrat larut dalam fasa air terutamanya
terdiri daripada glukosa. Kepekatan glukosa yang diperoleh, 171 mg/L kemudian
ditapai pada 36 °C selama 24 jam oleh Saccharomyces cerevisae (yis)
kepada etanol. Hasil etanol tertinggi ialah 0.415 g/g glukosa, iaitu 81.2%
daripada hasil teori. Hidrolisis dengan Sub-CW menunjukkan potensi untuk
menguraikan tekstil kapas kepada gula ringkas sambil mengekalkan degradasi gula
kepada fasa minimum dan kemungkinan penukaran lengkap sisa tekstil kapas kepada
etanol melalui Sub-CW dan penapaian.
Kata kunci: Air subkritikal; etanol; fermentasi; glukosa;
selulosa; tekstil kapas
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*Corresponding author; email: nordin_sab@upm.edu.my
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