Sains Malaysiana 52(3)(2023): 941-951

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5203-18

Characterization Assessment on Nanofiltration Membrane using Steric-Hindrance Pore (SHP) and Teorell-Meyer-Sievers (TMS) Models

(Penilaian Pencirian pada Membran Penapisan Nano menggunakan Model Steric-Hindrance Pore (SHP) dan Teorell-Meyer-Sievers (TMS))

MAZRUL NIZAM ABU SEMAN,^1,2 NORA’AINI ALI,^3,4,* NURUL AIN JALANNI,¹ CHE KU MUHAMMAD FAIZAL CHE KU YAHYA¹ & NORHAFIZA ILYANA YATIM⁴

¹Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Persiaran Tun Khalil Yaakob, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia

²Earth Resources and Sustainability (ERAS) Centre, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Persiaran Tun Khalil Yaakob, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia

³Faculty of Ocean Engineering Technology and Informatics, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu Darul Iman, Malaysia

⁴Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu Darul Iman, Malaysia

Received: 31 May 2022/Accepted: 9 January 2023

Abstract

Interfacial polymerization (IP) is a simple process for modifying thin-film composite (TFC) polymers that can be used as separation membranes in water treatment. This work describes the IP process for the preparation of polyester TFC membranes using organic monomers, in particular triethanolamine (TEOA) and trimesoyl chloride (TMC). This work includes an evaluation of monomer concentration and polymerization reaction time as variables to determine the membrane properties and its performance as acid humic removal. The characterization of TFC membranes was investigated using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), steric hindrance pore (SHP) and Teorell-Meyer-Sievers model (TMS). This IP technique resulted in the membrane (NF-PES8-35) having the lowest contact angle (θ=34.0±0.35) and lower hydrophobicity (θ=62.6 ± 0.33) compared to the unmodified membrane. The rejection of NaCl by NF-PES8-35 membrane showed the highest 0.001 M NaCl (62.42%), while NF-PES4-15 membrane showed the lowest (2.4%). The highest removal of humic acid (97.8%) was achieved when separation was performed with the NF-PES6-35 membrane and the high performance polyester TFC membranes were exhibited in the water purification filtration system.

Keywords: Characterization; nanofiltration membrane; steric-hindrance pore model; Teorell–Meyer–Sievers model

Abstrak

Pempolimeran antara muka (IP) ialah proses mudah untuk mengubah suai polimer komposit saput nipis (TFC) yang boleh digunakan sebagai membran pemisahan dalam rawatan air. Kertas ini menerangkan proses IP bagi penyediaan membran poliester TFC dengan menggunakan monomer organik, khususnya triethanolamine (TEOA) dan trimesoyl chloride (TMC). Kertas ini meliputi penilaian terhadap kepekatan monomer dan masa tindak balas pempolimeran sebagai pemboleh ubah bagi menentukan sifat membran dan prestasinya sebagai penyingkir asid humik. Pencirian membran TFC dikaji menggunakan mikroskopi pancaran medan elektron penskanan (FESEM), medan pelepasan mikroskop elektron pengimbas (FESEM), Model steric-hindrance pore (SHP) dan Model Teorell-Meyer–Sievers (TMS). Teknik IP ini menghasilkan membran (NF-PES8-35) yang mempunyai sudut sentuh terendah (θ=34.0±0.35) dan kehidrofobian yang lebih rendah (θ=62.6 ± 0.33) berbanding membran yang tidak diubah suai. Penolakan NaCl oleh membran NF-PES8-35 menunjukkan yang tertinggi 0.001 M NaCl (62.42%), manakala membran NF-PES4-15 menunjukkan yang terendah (2.4%). Penyingkiran tertinggi asid humik (97.8%) diperoleh apabila pemisahan dilakukan menggunakan membran NF-PES6-35 dan menunjukkan membran TFC poliester berprestasi tinggi dalam sistem penapisan pembersihan air.

Kata kunci: Membran nanofiltrasi; model steric-hindrance pore; model Teorell–Meyer–Sievers; pencirian

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^*Corresponding author; email: noraaini@umt.edu.my