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Sains Malaysiana 52(6)(2023):
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5206-07
Properties of Spray-Dried Iron Microcapsule
Using Hydrolysed Glucomannan as Encapsulant: Effect of Feed Viscosity
(Sifat Mikrokapsul Besi Sembur-Kering Menggunakan Glukomanan Terhidrolisis sebagai Enkapsulan: Kesan
Kelikatan Suapan)
DYAH HESTI WARDHANI*, IRSYADIA NINDYA WARDANA, HANA NIKMA ULYA, ANDRI CAHYO KUMORO & NITA ARYANTI
Department
of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro
Jl.
Prof. Sudarto, SH, Tembalang,
Semarang 50239, Indonesia
Received: 25 October
2022/Accepted: 22 May 2023
Abstract
As one of
the polysaccharides with high viscocity, even in low concentration, glucomannan
could block the nozzle and hinder its application as spray-dried
encapsulant. The present research aimed to investigate the effect of viscosity
of hydrolysed glucomannan as a spray-dryer feed on properties of encapsulated
iron particles. Glucomannan was hydrolysed using cellulase to obtain various
viscosities (83-222 cP) and used for encapsulating iron. Enzymatic hydrolysis
reduced the glucomannan's glass transition temperature and transmittance values
of O-H, C-O, and C-H groups. Increasing the viscosity lightened the particle
colour, and improved encapsulation efficiency and mean particle diameter,
however, reduced moisture content and bulk density. The highest encapsulation
efficiency (99.95%) was obtained using the most viscous encapsulant (222 cP). Thicker encapsulants produced larger particles
with more wrinkles on the surface but performed better in protecting iron. Solubility and swelling of the particles were higher in neutral solution
(pH=6.8) than in an acidic one. The degree of iron degradation was around 70%
after 10 months of storage. These results suggested the use of an appropriate
viscosity of hydrolysed glucomannan not only allow it to be sprayed but also
showed a potency to protect the iron from solubility in acid ambient and degradation
during the storage.
Keywords: Biodegradable;
glucomannan; iron; microencapsulation; viscosity
Abstrak
Sebagai salah satu polisakarida dengan kelikatan yang tinggi,
walaupun dalam kepekatan rendah, glukomanan boleh menyekat muncung
dan menghalang penggunaannya sebagai enkapsulan semburan kering. Penyelidikan
ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kesan
kelikatan glukomanan terhidrolisis sebagai suapan pengering semburan ke atas
sifat zarah besi terkapsul. Glukomanan telah dihidrolisis menggunakan selulase
untuk mendapatkan pelbagai kelikatan (83-222 cP) dan digunakan untuk membungkus
besi. Hidrolisis enzim mengurangkan suhu peralihan kaca glukomanan dan nilai
penghantaran dalam kumpulan O-H, C-O, dan C-H. Meningkatkan kelikatan
mencerahkan warna zarah dan meningkatkan kecekapan enkapsulasi dan diameter
zarah purata bagaimanapun, mengurangkan kandungan lembapan dan ketumpatan
pukal. Kecekapan enkapsulasi tertinggi (99.95%) diperoleh menggunakan
enkapsulan paling likat (222 cP). Enkapsulan yang lebih tebal menghasilkan
zarah yang lebih besar dengan lebih banyak kedutan pada permukaan tetapi
berfungsi dengan lebih baik dalam melindungi besi. Keterlarutan dan
pembengkakan zarah adalah lebih tinggi dalam larutan neutral (pH=6.8) daripada
dalam larutan berasid. Tahap degradasi besi adalah sekitar 70% selepas 10 bulan
penyimpanan. Keputusan ini mencadangkan penggunaan kelikatan glukomanan
terhidrolisis yang sesuai bukan sahaja membenarkan ia disembur tetapi juga
menunjukkan potensi untuk melindungi besi daripada keterlarutan dalam ambien
asid dan degradasi semasa penyimpanan.
Kata kunci: Besi; glukomannan; kelikatan; mikroenkapsulasi;
terbiodegradasi
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*Corresponding author; email: dhwardhani@che.undip.ac.id
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