Sains Malaysiana 52(6)(2023): 1737-1747

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5206-10

Kinetic Study of Total Phenolic Content from Piper betle Linn. Leaves Extract Using Subcritical Water

(Kajian Kinetik Jumlah Kandungan Fenolik daripada Ekstrak Daun Piper betle Linn. Menggunakan Air Subkritikal)

NUR LAILATUL RAHMAH^1,2, SITI MAZLINA MUSTAPA KAMAL^1,*, ALIFDALINO SULAIMAN¹, FARAH SALEENA TAIP¹ & SHAMSUL IZHAR SIAJAM³ 

¹Department of Process and Food Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

²Department of Agro-industrial Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, 65145 Malang, East Java, Indonesia

³Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

Received: 19 February 2023/Accepted: 12 June 2023

Abstract

The green plant-based extraction of phenolic compounds is still challenging and attractive due to their benefit. The mechanism controlling of desorption rate of phenolic compounds, measured as total phenolic content (TPC), from Piper betle Linn. (PBL) leaves using subcritical water, and a one-site kinetic desorption model (first order) was studied. One-site kinetic desorption model has well explained the extraction mechanism of phenolic compounds from PBL leaves using subcritical water through desorption and diffusion mechanism. This model fits with the experimental data and presents a good description of the extraction mechanism with R-squared of 0.94. The recovery of TPC from PBL leaves using subcritical water was influenced by intraparticle diffusion, temperature, and extraction time. The desorption rate constant in the one-site kinetic desorption model increased from 100 to 200 °C (0.3975±0.02 to 3.3045±0.00 min^-1) and then decreased to 250 °C (3.2093±0.00 min^-1). The highest TPC was recovered quickly for 5 min at 200 °C. In addition, a high yield of TPC was also obtained at a slow desorption process for 30 min at a lower temperature of 175 °C. The low activation energy for the diffusion of phenolic compounds from PBL leaves of this study was 8.964 kJ/mol. This result showed that the one-site kinetic desorption model of subcritical water extraction has an excellent opportunity to be applicable in phenolic compounds recovery from PBL leaves. The one-site kinetic desorption rate constant and mathematical kinetic model equation achieved in this study might control the quality of phenolic compounds extracted from PBL leaves through subcritical water. 

Keywords: Activation energy; betel leaves; desorption rate; kinetic; subcritical water

Abstrak

Pengekstrakan berasaskan tumbuhan hijau sebatian fenolik masih mencabar dan menarik kerana manfaatnya. Mekanisme yang mengawal kadar desorpsi sebatian fenolik, diukur sebagai jumlah kandungan fenolik (TPC), daripada daun Piper betle Linn. (PBL) menggunakan air subkritikal dan model penyahserapan kinetik satu tapak (turutan pertama) telah dikaji. Model penyahserapan kinetik satu tapak telah menjelaskan dengan baik mekanisme pengekstrakan sebatian fenolik daripada daun PBL menggunakan air subkritikal melalui mekanisme penyahserapan dan penyebaran. Model ini sesuai dengan data uji kaji dan menunjukkan deskripsi yang baik tentang mekanisme ekstraksi dengan koefisien determinasi (R²) sebesar 0.94. Pemulihan TPC dalam daun PBL menggunakan air subkritikal dipengaruhi oleh penyebaran antara zarah, suhu dan masa pengekstrakan. Pemalar kadar desorpsi dalam model desorpsi kinetik satu tapak meningkat daripada 100 kepada 200 °C (0.3975±0.02 kepada 3.3045±0.00 min^-1) kemudian menurun kepada 250 °C (3.2093±0.00 min^-1). TPC tertinggi telah pulih dengan cepat selama 5 minit pada 200 °C. Di samping itu, hasil TPC yang tinggi juga diperoleh pada proses desorpsi perlahan selama 30 minit pada suhu yang lebih rendah 175 °C. Tenaga pengaktifan rendah (Ea) untuk penyebaran sebatian fenolik daripada daun PBL kajian ini adalah 8.964 kJ/mol. Hasil ini mendedahkan bahawa model penyahserapan kinetik satu tapak pengekstrakan air subkritikal mempunyai peluang yang sangat baik untuk digunakan dalam pemulihan sebatian fenolik daripada daun PBL. Kadar penyahserapan kinetik satu tapak pemalar dan persamaan model kinetik matematik yang dicapai dalam kajian ini mungkin mengawal kualiti sebatian fenolik yang diekstrak daripada daun PBL melalui air subkritikal.

Kata kunci: Air subkritikal; daun sirih; kadarpenyahserapan; kinetik; tenaga pengaktifan

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*Corresponding author; email: smazlina@upm.edu.my