Sains Ma1aysiana 26(2): 27-34 (1997)                                                                                                           Sains hayat/

                                                                                                                                                                                Life Sciences

Influence of Glomus Species I: Growth, N2 Fixation,

Nodulation and Root Colonization of Peanut

Azizah Hashim, Mohd. Imran Khan

Department of Soil Science

Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia

43400 UPM Serdang Selangor D.E. Malaysia

Rizainal Mustaffa

Ceiba Geigy, Shah Alam, Selangor D.E., Malaysia

ABSTRACT

Peanut (Acrachis hypogea L.) var. Matjam grown in an Ultisol obtained from peanut field, was respectively inoculated with Glomus mosseae and G. velum. Responses of the host plant to treatments was estimated by periodic measurements from the fourth to twelfth weeks, for dry shoot and root weight, nodulation, N₂ fixation (C₂H₂ reduction activity), per cent root colonization and vesicle formation cm^-1 root. A proportionate increase in dry weight of root and shoot was observed with increase in sampling time up to the eight and tenth weeks, respectively. This increase was only significant only in the 10th week for shoot and 8th week for dry weights when compared to that of uninoculated control plants (indigenous species only present). However, the difference between the two Glomus species was not a significant for all the samplings. The nodule number plant^-1 and N₂ fixation was maximum and significant in the 8th week when compared to uninoculated controls. How­ever, there was a sharp decline in nodulation and N₂ fixation in both the treated and uninoculated plants after this week. This decrease was significant (P < 0.05) in G. mosseae treatment (at the 12th week for nodulation and 10th - 12th week for N₂ fixation). The difference between G. mosseae and G. velum was not significant (except, in the 8th and 12th week) for N₂ fixation. Percentage root colonization and formation of vesicle cm^-1 root system was significantly higher in G. mosseae and G. velum plants compared to controls. However, the formation of vesicle was not significantly different at 12th week of observation. Plant responded positively to G. mosseae by forming more vesicle than in G. velum or indigenously colonized plants.

ABSTRAK

Kacang tanah (Arachis hypogea L.) ver. Matjam telah ditanam pada tanah ultisol yang diambil dari ladang bekas ditanam dengan kacang tanah. Tanah ini diinokulat dengan Glomus mosseae dan G. velum. Tindakbalas tanaman perumah terhadap rawatan telah dinilai dalam jangkamasa empat hingga 12 minggu. Pengambilan data berdasarkan kepada berat kering pucuk, berat akar, bilangan nodul, peningkatan N₂ (aktiviti penurunan (2H), peratus kolonisasi akar dan pembentukan vesikul per cm akar. Pembandingan pertambahan bagi berat kering akar dan pucuk dinilai dengan peningkatan masa persampelan dari minggu ke 8 hingga minggu ke 10. Peningkatan ini memberikan nilai bererti hanya pada minggu ke 10 bagi pucuk dan minggu ke 8 bagi berat kering berbanding dengan pokok kawalan yang tidak dinokulat (hanya mengandungi spesies asal). Walau bagaimanapun perbezaan antara dua spesies Glomus tidak bererti pada semua sampel. Bilangan nodul per pokok dan pengikat N₂ adalah maksima dan bererti pada minggu ke 8 apabila dibandingkan dengan kawalan (tidak diinokulan). Walau bagaimanapun terdapat penurunan yang ketara pada penodulan dan peningkatan N₂ pada kedua-dua pokok rawatan dan yang tidak diinokulat. Penurunan ini bererti (P < 0.05) pada rawatan G. mosseae (pada minggu ke 12 bagi penodulan dan minggu ke 10 hingga minggu ke 12 bagi pengikatan N₂) Perbezaan antara G. mosseae dan G. velum tidak bererti (kecuali pada minggu ke 8 dan 12) bagi pengikatan N­₂. Peratusan kolonisasi akar dan pembentukan vesikul per cm adalah sangat bererti pada tanaman G. mosseae dan G. velum berbanding dengan kawalan. Walau bagaimanapun pembentukan vesikul tidak mempunyai perbezaan bererti pada minggu ke 12. Tanaman memberi kesan yang positif kepada G. mosseae dengan pembentukan lebih banyak vesikul berbanding kepada G. velum atau pada tanaman yang hanya mempunyai spesies asal (kawalan).

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