Sains Malaysiana 35(1): 37-44 (2006)

Pengambilan Logam Berat Fe, Mn dan eu oleh Melastoma malabathricum dalam Tanih Bekas Lombong Pelepah Kanan, Kota Tinggi, Johor

(Uptake of Heavy Metas Fe, Mn and Cu Melastoma Malabathricum from an

Ex-mining Soil at Lombong Pelepah Kanan, Kota Tinggi, Johor)

Sahibin Md. Rahim, Tukimat Lihan, Wan Mohd.

Razi Idris & Chao Lee Chain

Pusat Pengajian Sains Sekitaran dan Sumber Alam

Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi

Univesiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor D.E. Malaysia

ABSTRAK

Tumbuhan yang mempunyai kelimpahan tinggi dan boleh mengumpul logam berat dengan banyak boleh digunakan sebagai bio-penunjuk. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk melihat kesesuaian Melastoma malabathricum sebagai bio-penunjuk bagi pencemar logam berat dalam tanih bekas lombong. Dalam kajian ini, lima belas sampel Melastoma malabathricum dan tanih telah diambil di tapak bekas lombong besi dan timah Pelepah Kanan Kota Tinggi, Johor. Tiga bahagian tumbuhan (akar, batang, daun) telah dianalisis untuk mengkaji penyerapan kandungan logam berat Cu, Fe dan Mn. Parameter tanih yang dikaji meliputi parameter fizikal dan kimia. Hasil kajian taburan saiz partikel tanih menunjukkan kebanyakan tanih di kawasan kajian adalah jenis berpasir dan bertekstur pasir berlom. Kandungan bahan organik adalah sekitar 1.45 hingga 5.91%. Nilai pH bagi tanih di kawasan kajian adalah sekitar 3.55 hingga 5.68 iaitu bersifat sangat asid ke asid. Kekonduksian elektrik tanih adalah antara 2.14 hingga 2.58 mS/cm. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa, kepekatan logam-logam berat dalam tanih ialah 12070 hingga 65545 mg/kg bagi Fe, 1070.3 hingga 11956.3 mg/kg bagi Mn dan 386.5 hingga 4753.2 mg/kg bagi Cu. Kandungan logam-logam berat dalam bahagian-bahagian tumbuhan pula adalah mengikut turutan seperti berikut; Fe>Mn>Cu. Didapati bahawa spesies tumbuhan Melastoma malabathricurn adalah sesuai sebagai penunjuk biologi logam berat Fe dan Mn.

Kata kunci: Logam berat, penunjuk biologi, Melastoma malabathricum.

ABSTRACT

Plants that can be found abundantly and tend to accumulate high quantities of heavy metals can be used as bio-indicators. The aim of this study is to determine whether Melastoma malabathricum can be used as bio-indicator for heavy metal pollutant in soil of a former mining land. In this study, fifteen samples of Melastoma malabathricum and their soil substrates were collected from a former iron and tin mines of Pelepah Kanan Kota Tinggi, Johor. The different parts of plant (root, stem and leaves) were analysed to evaluate the absorption and accumulation of Cu, Fe and Mn. As for the soil, heavy metal content and physico-chemical parameter analyses were carried out. Results showed that the soil in the study area was dominated by sand and has a loamy sand texture. Organic matter content was in the range of 1.45 to 5.91%. Soil pH ranged from 3.55 to 5.68, thus very acidic to acidic. Electrical conductivity was in the range of 2.14 to 2.58 mS/cm. The concentrations of heavy metals in soils were 12070 to 65545 mg/kg for Fe, 1070.3 to 11956.3 mg/kg for Mn and 386.5 to 4753.2 mg/kg for Cu. The concentration of heavy metals in different part of the plant were in the following order; Fe>Mn>Cu. The final result indicated that Melastoma malabathricum can be used as bio-indicator for Fe and Mn.

Keywords: Heavy metals, bio-indicator, Melastoma malabathricum

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