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Sains Malaysiana 38(4)(2009):
499–509
Toxicological
Evaluation of Dried Kacangma Herb (Leonurus sibiricus) in Rats
(Kajian Ketoksikan Herba Kacangma
Kering (Leonurus
sibiricus) pada Tikus)
Chua Hun Pin*
Food Technology Research Centre
Malaysian Agricultural Research &
Development Institute
MARDI Station Kuching, Lot 41, Block 14, Petra Jaya
93055 Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
Aminah Abdullah
Program of Food Science
Faculty of Science & Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor D.E., Malaysia
M. Murugaiyah
Strategic Livestock Research Centre
MARDI Headquarters, Serdang
P.O.Box 12301, 50774 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Diserahkan: 8 Januari 2008 / Diterima: 13 November 2008
ABSTRACT
Kacangma (Leonurus sibiricus L.) is a popular traditional herb that has been consumed for decades by
the people of Sarawak as a herbal medicine or culinary
ingredient. The toxicity of dried kacangma herb on Sprague Dawley male and
female rats was evaluated through 90-day sub-chronic studies. The rats were fed kacangma at the rate of 0.5 (low dose), 5 (medium
dose) and 25 (high dose) g/kg body weight. The control groups of rats received
only the commercial rat pellet. Minor treatment-related effects were observed
for body weights, organ weights and the lipid profile parameters and these did
not appear to be of toxicological significance. In the sub-chronic toxicity
studies, some indications of renal and liver toxicity were evident in the
medium and high dose groups when plasma creatinine and liver enzymes were found
to be higher when compared with the control and the low dose groups. The
hematology study reveals statistically significant mild anemia in rats from the
medium and high dose groups as indicated by decreases in hemoglobin, red blood
cell count and packed cell volume (hematocrit value). Administration of kacangma herb at medium and high dose was also found
to cause adverse effects in histopathological structure of the liver and kidney
of both male and female rats. However, low dose group showed no significant
differences compared to the control. Therefore, it is considered safe and less
chance of developing toxicity if the herb is consumed at the dose of 0.5 g/kg
body weight as observed throughout the 90 days period of sub-chronic study.
Keywords: Hematology,
histopathology; Leonurus
sibiricus, Sprague Dawley rats;
toxicity evaluation
ABSTRAK
Kacangma (Leonurus
sibiricus L.) ialah sejenis herba
tradisional yang sudah sekian lama digunakan oleh penduduk Sarawak sebagai
herba ubatan dan ramuan masakan. Ketoksikan kacangma kering
terhadap tikus Sprague Dawley jantan dan betina telah dinilai melalui kajian akut dan sub-kronik selama 90
hari. Tikus diberi makan kacangma pada kadar 0.5 (dos rendah), 5.0 (dos sederhana) dan
25.0 (dos tinggi) g/kg berat badan. Tikus kawalan hanya
diberi pelet komersial. Kesan perlakuan yang minor
telah didapati pada berat badan, berat organ dan parameter profil lipid dan
kesemua ini tidak menunjukkan kesan yang bererti dari segi toksikologi. Dalam kajian subkronik, sedikit pertanda ketoksikan telah dikesan pada renal
dan hati untuk kumpulan dos sederhana dan tinggi apabila paras kreatinin plasma dan enzim- enzim hati didapati lebih tinggi berbanding dengan
kumpulan kawalan dan kumpulan dos rendah. Kajian hematologi
memperlihatkan keadaan anemia ringan yang bererti secara statistik pada tikus
dari kumpulan dos sederhana dan tinggi sejajar dengan penurunan nilai
hemoglobin, sel darah merah dan isipadu pek sel (nilai hematokrit). Pengambilan herba kacangma pada dos sederhana dan tinggi turut
menyebabkan perubahan yang bererti pada histopatologi hati dan ginjal tikus
jantan dan betina. Walau bagaimanapun, kumpulan dos
rendah tidak menunjukkan perbezaan bererti dengan kumpulan kawalan, maka
pengambilan herba kacangma adalah dianggap selamat. Kajian ini mencadangkan tiada
kesan ketoksikan sekiranya herba ini diambil pada dos 0.5 g/kg berat badan
seperti yang diperhatikan dalam kajian ketoksikan subkronik 90 hari.
Kata kunci: Hematologi; histopatologi; kajian
ketoksikan; Leonurus sibiricus, tikus Sprague Dawley
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