Sains Malaysiana 38(5)(2009): 707–715

Potensi Sisa Plastik Elektronik sebagai Sumber kepada Penghasilan

Tenaga dan Bahan Mentah

(Potential of Electronic Plastic Waste as a Source of Raw

Material and Energy Recovery)

Norazli Othman¹*, Nor Ezlin Ahmad Basri¹, Muhd Noor Muhd Yunus²,

Lariyah Mohd Sidek³ & Nor Azizi Othman⁴

¹Jabatan Kejuruteraan Awam dan Struktur

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor D.E. Malaysia

²Agensi Nuklear Malaysia, 43000 Bangi, Selangor D.E. Malaysia

³Jabatan Kejuruteraan Awam

Universiti Tenaga Nasional, 43000 Kajang, Selangor D.E. Malaysia

⁴Kolej Sains dan Teknologi

Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 13 Januari 2009 / Diterima: 20 April 2009

ABSTRAK

Pengeluaran produk elektronik merupakan salah satu industri yang berkembang pesat di dunia pada masa kini. Peningkatan jumlah penggunaan plastik oleh sektor tersebut menjadi faktor kepada penghasilan sisa plastik elektronik. Bahan plastik elektronik kebiasaannya mengandungi pelbagai unsur kimia bagi membolehkannya bertindak sebagai perintang pemanasan semasa alat elektronik beroperasi. Umumnya, pendekatan terhadap konsep mengitar semula sisa plastik elektronik perlu diketengahkan bagi memelihara alam sekitar. Bagi tujuan tersebut, kajian dijalankan terhadap sisa plastik elektronik yang terdiri daripada pelbagai damar bagi mengenal pasti potensinya sebagai sumber kepada penghasilan tenaga dan bahan mentah. Kajian dibahagikan kepada dua bahagian iaitu penentuan ciri fizikal dan kimia damar plastik dan pengiraan nilai pemanasan damar plastik berdasarkan formula Dulong. Hasil kajian mendapati nilai purata pemanasan sisa elektronik adalah sebanyak 30,872.42 kJ/kg (7,375 kcal/kg) manakala analisis faktor pancaran pula mendapati secara keseluruhannya kepekatan nilai pancaran yang berkemungkinan terhasil akibat daripada pelbagai aktiviti pengurusan adalah kurang daripada had-had parameter yang telah ditetapkan oleh Akta Kualiti Alam Sekitar 1974. Secara asasnya, kajian ini berjaya membuktikan potensi sisa plastik elektronik sebagai salah satu sumber kepada penghasilan bahan mentah dan juga penghasilan tenaga.

Kata kunci: Penghasilan tenaga dan bahan mentah; potensi; sisa plastik elektronik

ABSTRACT

Nowadays, the production of electronic equipment is one of the fastest growing industrial activities in this world. The increase use of plastic in this sector resulted in an increase of electronic plastic waste. Basically, electronic plastic material contains various chemical elements which act as a flame retardant when electronic equipment is operated. In general, the concept of recycling electronic plastic waste should be considered in order to protect the environment. For this purpose, research has been conducted to different resins of electronic plastic waste to identify the potential of electronic plastic waste as a source of raw material and energy recovery. This study was divided into two part i.e. determination of physical and chemical characteristics of plastic resins and calculation of heating value for plastic resins based on Dulong formula. Results of this research show that the average calorific value of electronic waste is 30,872.42 kJ/kg (7,375 kcal/kg). The emmission factor analysis showed that the concentration of emission value that might occur during waste management activities is below the standard set by the Environment Quality Act 1974. Basically, this research shows that electronic plastic waste has the potential to become the source of raw material and energy recovery.

Keyword: Electronic plastic waste; potential; raw material and energy recovery

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: norazli@uniten.edu.my