Sains Malaysiana 38(6)(2009): 827–833

GIS Based Assessment on Landslide Hazard Zonation: Case Study of Cameron Highlands – Gua Musang Road Kelantan, Malaysia

(Penilaian Pengezonan Bahaya Tanah Runtuh Berdasarkan Sistem Maklumat Geografi:

Kajian Kes Jalan Raya Cameron Highlands – Gua Musang, Kelantan, Malaysia)

Mohamed M. GahGah*

Natural Atomic Energy Commission (NATIC)

Sana’a, Yemen, P.O. BOX 47201, Yemen

Juhari Mat Akhir, Abdul Ghani M. Rafek, Ibrahim Abdullah

School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences

Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 11 Julai 2008 / Diterima: 14 April 2009

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to investigate the factors that cause landslides in the area along the new road between Cameron Highlands and Gua Musang. Landslide factors such as lineaments have been extracted from remote sensing data (LandsatTM image) using ERDAS software. A soil map has been produced using field work and laboratory analysis, and the lithology, roads, drainage pattern and rainfall have been digitized using ILWIS software together with the slope angle and elevation from the Digital Elevation Model (DEM). All these parameters, which are vital for landslide hazard assessment, have been integrated into the geographical information system (GIS) for further data processing. Weightage for these landslide relevant factors related to their influence in landslide occurrence using the heuristic method has been carried out. The results from this combination through a modified ‘index overlay with multi class maps’ model was used to produce a landslide hazard zonation map. Five classes of potential landslide hazard have been derived as the following: very low hazard zone 17.27%, low hazard zone 39.35%, medium hazard zone 25.1%, high hazard zone 15.35% and very high hazard zone 2.93%. The results from this work have been checked through the landslide inventory using available aerial photos interpretation and field work, and show that the slope and elevation have the most direct affect on landslide occurrence.

Keywords: Hazard; landslide; landslide factors; remote sensing

ABSTRAK

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menyiasat faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan tanah runtuh di kawasan sepanjang jalan raya antara Cameron Highlands dan Gua Musang. Fakor yang mempengaruhi tanah runtuh seperti lineamen diperolehi daripada data penderiaan jauh (imej Landsat TM) dengan menggunakan perisionERDAS, peta jenis tanah dihasilkan melalui kerja lapangan dan analisis makmal, peta litologi, jalan raya, pola saliran dan data hujan didigitkan dengan menggunakan perisianILWIS model elevasi digit (DEM). Semua parameter ini yang penting untuk penilaian bencana tanah runtuh, telah diintegrasikan dalam sistem maklumat geografi(GIS). Penggunaan GIS membolehkan pengurusan dan persembahan data dilakukan secara lebih pantas. Pemberat untuk faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kejadian tanah runtuh telah dijalankan menggunakan kaedah heuristik. Hasil daripada gabungan ini melalui model tindanan peta indeks pelbagai kelas dijanakan untuk menghasilkan peta zon bencana tanah runtuh. Lima kelas potensi bencana tanah runtuh telah dihasilkan seperti berikuti: zon bencana sangat rendah 17.27%, zon bencana rendah 39.35%, zon bencana sederhana 25.1%, zon bencana tinggi 15.35% dan zon bencana sangat tinggi 2.93%. Hasil daripada kajian ini telah dipastikan melalui inventori tanah runtuh menggunakan penafsiran fotograf udara dan kerja lapangan, dan menunjukkan cerun dan elevasi mempunyai kesan secara langsung terhadap kejadian tanah runtuh.

Kata kunci: Bencana; faktor-faktor tanah runtuh; penilaian tanah runtah; tanah runtuh

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: mohgah2003@yahoo.com