Sains Malaysiana 39(1)(2010): 13–20

Kepekatan Mn dan Fe dalam Teras Sedimen di Perairan

Sarawak dan Sabah

(Concentrations of Mn and Fe in the Sediment Cores of

Sarawak and Sabah Coastal Waters)

Zal U'yun Wan Mahmood

Pusat Pengajian Sains Sekitaran & Sumber Alam

Fakulti Sains & Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

43600 Bangi, Selangor D.E., Malaysia

Zaharudin Ahmad

Agensi Nuklear Malaysia, Kompleks MINT, Bangi

43000 Kajang, Selangor D.E., Malaysia

Che Abd. Rahim Mohamed*

Pusat Penyelidikan Ekosistem Marin (EKOMAR)

Fakulti Sains & Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

43600 Bangi, Selangor D.E., Malaysia

Received : 18 February 2009 / Accepted: 6 April 2009

Abstrak

Teras sedimen diambil di lapan stesen sepanjang perairan Sarawak dan Sabah dengan menggunakan kotak teras graviti pada Julai 2004. Teras sedimen dipotong pada sela ketebalan 2 cm untuk pengukuran kepekatan Mn dan Fe dengan menggunakan Spektrometer Jisim-Plasma Berpasangan Terinduksi (ICP-MS). Secara keseluruhannya, teras sedimen yang diambil di semua stesen pensampelan mengandungi banyak komposisi lumpur yang terdiri daripada campuran kelodak (46 – 67%) dan lempung (18 – 53%) berbanding pasir (0.4 – 16%). Kepekatan Mn dan Fe yang diperolehi adalah berubah-ubah di semua stesen masing-masing dengan julat 154 – 366 μg/g dan 0.9 – 3.4%. Perubahan ini telah dibuktikan oleh ANOVA yang menunjukkan terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan (p = 0.000) untuk kedua-dua kepekatan Mn dan Fe di semua stesen pensampelan. Merujuk kepada julat tersebut, kepekatan Fe adalah lebih tinggi berbanding dengan kepekatan Mn. Dalam hal ini, proses pemelarutan dan pencairan dipercayai akan mempengaruhi kepekatan Mn dalam turus air dan sedimen. Fe menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan (r > 0.5, p < 0.01) dengan Mn di semua stesen kajian kecuali SR 03, yang menggambarkan bahawa kewujudan Fe dan Mn adalah secara semulajadi di dalam turus air. Manakala pengelasan MY¨ller pula membuktikan teras sedimen yang diambil di 8 stesen sepanjang perairan Sarawak dan Sabah tidak tercemar dengan kandungan Fe dan Mn dengan indeks geoakumulasi, Igeo < 1 dan pengelasan 0 - 1.

Kata kunci: Fe; karbon organik; pengelasan Muller; Mn; teras sedimen; saiz partikel

Abstract

Sediment cores were taken at eight stations along Sarawak and Sabah coastal waters using a gravity box corer on July 2004. The sediment cores were cut into 2 cm interval for measurement of Mn and Fe concentration using the Inductive Couple Plasma-Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS). Overall, the sediment cores contained much mud which include a mixture of silt (46 – 67%) and clay (18 – 53%) compared to sand (0.4 – 16%). The concentrations of Mn and Fe were in the range of 154 – 366 μg/g and 0.9 – 3.4%, respectively. The variation was studied by ANOVA, which showed a significant difference (p = 0.000) for both of Mn and Fe concentrations at all sampling stations. In those ranges, Fe concentration was higher compared to Mn. It is believed that dissolving and diluting process influenced the concentration of Mn in the water column and sediment. Fe showed a significant correlation (r > 0.5, p < 0.01) with Mn at all stations except SR 03, indicating the natural occurrence of Mn and Fe in the water column. Meanwhile, Müller classification proved that sediment cores taken at 8 stations along Sarawak and Sabah coastal waters were not polluted with Fe and Mn with geoaccumulation index, Igeo < 1 and classification 0 – 1.

Keywords: Fe; Mn; Müller classification; organic carbon; particle size; sediment core

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*Corresponding author; email: carmohd@ukm.my