Sains Malaysiana 41(7)(2012): 863–869

Effect of Four Selected Plant Powder as Rice Grain Protectant Against Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

(Kesan Empat Serbuk Tumbuhan Terpilih Sebagai Pelindung Beras Terhadap

Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae))

Asmanizar* & A. Djamin

Department of Agroecotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic University of North Sumatra

Jl. S.M.Raja 191, Medan 20217 Indonesia

A.B. Idris

School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor D.E, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 22 Mac 2011 / Diterima: 30 Januari 2012

ABSTRACT

A study to evaluate the effect of four selected plant powder as rice grain protectant against Sitophilus zeamais adult mortality, F1 progeny production, weight loss and rice grain damaged was conducted. The plant powders used were made from seed of Annona muricata, Jatropha curcas, Azadirachta indica and from leaf of J. curcas at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5% (w/w) concentrations. Probit analysis showed that J. curcas seed powder was highly toxic (LC50 = 0.28%) to S. zeamais adult followed by A. muricata seed (LC50 = 0.33%), J. curcas leaf (LC50 = 1.15%) and A. indica seed (LC50 = 3.63%). The Annona muricata and J. curcas seed had caused the highest mean mortality (100 and 98.85%) at 2% concentration, while the A. indica seed and J. curcas leaf powder had only caused 32.32 and 77.84%, respectively at 2.5% concentration. There was no progeny produced, no weight loss recorded and no rice grain damaged on treated rice grain with A. muricata and J. curcas seed at 1% concentration. In contrast, J. curcas leaf and A. indica seed powder had the least toxicity effect on the weevil as shown by number of progeny produced (167 and 228), total of weight loss (10.04 and 10.49%) and rice grain damaged (19.35 and 21.14%) even at the highest powder concentration (2.5%) tested. Results of this study revealed the potential of J. curcas and A. muricata seed powder to be used in controlling S. zeamais on stored rice grain.

Keywords: Annona muricata; Azadirachta indica; Jatropha curcas; plant powder; Sitophilus zeamais

ABSTRAK

Satu kajian telah dijalankan untuk menilai kesan daripada empat serbuk tanaman dipilih sebagai pelindung beras terhadap kematian Sitophilus zeamais dewasa, progeni F1, kehilangan berat beras dan beras rosak. Serbuk tanaman yang digunakan berasal daripada biji Annona muricata, Jatropha curcas, Azadirachta indica dan daun J. curcas pada kepekatan 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 dan 2.5% (w/w). Keputusan analisis probit menunjukkan bahawa serbuk biji J. curcas sangat beracun (LC50 = 0.28%) terhadap S. zeamais diikuti dengan biji A. muricata (LC50 = 0.33%), daun J. curcas (LC50 = 1.15%) dan biji A. indica (LC50 = 3.63%). Serbuk biji Annona muricata dan J. curcas telah menyebabkan min kematian tertinggi (100 dan 98.85%) pada kepekatan 2%, sementara serbuk biji A. indica dan J. curcas masing-masing hanya 32.32 dan 77.84% pada kepekatan 2.5%. Tidak ada progeni dihasilkan, kehilangan berat beras dan beras rosak pada perlakuan dengan serbuk biji A. muricata dan J. curcas pada kepekatan 1%. Sebaliknya, serbuk daun J. curcas dan serbuk biji A. indica mempunyai kesan toksisiti paling rendah terhadap S. zeamais, dengan jumlah progeni yang dihasilkan (167 dan 228), kehilangan berat beras (10.04 dan 10.49%) dan beras rosak (19.35 dan 21.14%) meskipun pada perlakuan kepekatan serbuk tertinggi (2.5%). Keputusan kajian ini menunjukkan potensi serbuk biji J. curcas dan A. muricata untuk digunakan dalam kawalan S. zeamais pada beras yang disimpan.

Kata kunci: Annona muricata; Azadirachta indica; Jatropha curcas; serbuk tumbuhan; Sitophilus zeamais

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: nizar_312@yahoo.com