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Validation of a Food Frequency Questionnaire in Assessing the Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Intake for Malays and Chinese Elderly in Malaysia (Pengesahan Soal-selidik Kekerapan Makanan untuk Menilai Pengambilan
Asid Lemak Omega-3 Poli-tak-tepu untuk Warga Tua Melayu dan Cina di Malaysia
1Nutrition Programme, School of
Health Sciences, Health Campus, University of Science Malaysia,
16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
2Dietetics Program, School of Health Care Sciences, Faculty
of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz,
50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 3Masterskill
University College of Health Sciences, G-8, Jalan
Kemacahaya 11 Taman Kemacahaya,
Batu 9, 43200 Cheras, Selangor
D.E. Malaysia
4Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Faculty of
Medicine, Universiti Malaya 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Diserahkan: 3 April 2012/Diterima: 8 Jun 2013
ABSTRACT
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs)
is crucial to prevent a wide range of chronic diseases from a global view
point. However, no suitable dietary assessment tool is available for usage
among Malaysian population. The present study aimed to evaluate the validity of
interviewer-administered semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ)
for assessing the omega-3 PUFAs intake among the Malays and
Chinese elderly individuals in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Thirty-seven elderly
people (54.1% women and 45.9% men), aged 60 years and above, were recruited
from a community setting. Omega-3 PUFAs intake for the past one
month was assessed using a 45-food item FFQ and validated against 3
days Food Record (FR). Wilcoxon signed rank test
indicated no significant mean intake difference between two assessment methods.
Significant correlation was found for total omega-3 PUFAs
(r=0.926),
α-linolenic acid (ALA) (r=0.745),
eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (r=0.579) and docosahexaenoic
acid (DHA) (r=0.912). Bland-Altman analysis exhibited no
apparent systematic bias between the two methods for total omega-3 PUFAs
intake, while quartile analysis classified 73% subjects assigned into the same
quartile. Conclusively, the newly-developed FFQ yielded
a reasonable validity in the tested population and provided a convenient means
to estimate omega-3 PUFAs intake within healthy Malays and
Chinese elderly individuals. Further study to evaluate its validity and
reproducibility for different age groups is required.
Keywords: Elderly; food frequency questionnaire; food record;
omega-3 PUFAs; validity
ABSTRAK
Asid lemak omega-3 poli-tak-tepu (PUFAs)
adalah penting untuk mencegah pelbagai penyakit kronik mengikut pandangan
global. Namun, tiada alat penilaian dietari yang bersesuaian untuk kegunaan
populasi di Malaysia. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menilai kesahihan soal-selidik
kekerapan makanan (FFQ) untuk menilai pengambilan omega-3 PUFAs
bagi warga tua Melayu dan Cina di Lembah Klang, Malaysia. Tiga puluh tujuh
orang warga tua (54.1% perempuan dan 45.9% lelaki), berumur 60 tahun dan ke
atas telah direkrut daripada satu komuniti. Pengambilan omega-3 PUFAs
bagi sebulan lepas dinilai menggunakan FFQ yang mengandungi 45 item
dan kesahihannya dibandingkan dengan Rekod Makanan (FR) 3
hari. Ujian Wilcoxon signed rank menunjukkan bahawa tiada perbezaan min yang
signifikan antara kedua-dua kaedah penilaian. Korelasi yang signifikan didapati
untuk jumlah omega-3 PUFAs (r=0.926), asid linolenik alfa (ALA)
(r=0.745), asid eikosapentanoik (EPA) (r=0.579) dan asid
dokosaheksanoik (DHA) (r=0.912). Analisis
Bland-Altman menunjukkan tiada bias sistematik yang ketara antara dua kaedah
bagi jumlah pengambilan omega-3 PUFA, manakala analisis kuartil
mengklasifikasikan 73% subjek ke dalam kuartil yang sama. Sebagai
kesimpulannyai, FFQ yang baru dibina menunjukkan
kesahihan yang munasabah bagi populasi kajian dan memberikan satu cara mudah
untuk menganggar pengambilan omega-3 PUFAs bagi warga tua Melayu dan
Cina yang sihat. Kajian lanjut bagi menilai kebolehulangan dan kesahihannya
bagi kumpulan umur yang berbeza adalah amat diperlukan.
Kata kunci: Kesahihan;
omega-3 PUFAs; rekod makanan; soal-selidik
kekerapan makanan; warga tua
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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: suzana.shahar@gmail.com
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