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Sains Malaysiana 43(7)(2014):
995–1002
Optimization of Extraction and Physicochemical Properties of Gelatin from Pangasius Catfish (Pangasius sutchi) Skin (Pengoptimuman Pengekstrakkan dan Ciri Fizikomia Gelatin daripada Kulit Ikan Keli Pangasius (Pangasius sutchi)
FATEMEH MAHMOODAN, VENUS SANAEI ARDEKANI, SEE SIAU FERN,
SALMA MOHAMAD YUSOP*
& ABDUL SALAM BABJI
Food Science Program, School
of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology,
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
Diserahkan: 19 Oktober 2011/Diterima: 9 September 2013
ABSTRACT
In order to optimize the extraction
of gelatin from pangasius catfish skin,
a response surface method (RSM) involving a Central Composite Design
(CCD) was applied. Four variables, namely NaOH concentration (0-0.3 N), acetic acid concentration
(0.025-0.125 N), extraction time (2-4 h) and extraction
temperature (40-80°C) were selected as independent variables
for the optimization using RSM. The dependent variable was calculated
by hydroxyproline recovery. The optimum
conditions for extraction were produced by a pre-treatment
of 0.2 N NaOH and 0.1 N acetic acid along with hot
water extraction at 63.7°C for 2.41 h. The results showed that
the predicted response by RSM (68.53%) closely matched the experimental response of
68.16%. The results indicated that the extracted gelatin possessed
high gel strength (438 g) and high content of imino
acid (proline and hydroxyproline)
(18.01%) with a viscosity of 4.67 mPa
s. The results showed that RSM was a great optimizing tool for extraction of gelatin
from pangasius catfish skin. The gelatin
was also proven to have significantly (p<0.05) higher quality
of physicochemical properties than those from bovine skin gelatin.
Keywords: Gelatin; optimization; pangasius catfish; physicochemical properties; response
surface method
ABSTRAK
Kaedah Permukaan Respons (RSM)
yang melibatkan reka bentuk komposit tengah (CCD) telah digunakan untuk mengoptimumkan pengeluaran gelatin daripada kulit ikan keli pangasius. Empat parameter, iaitu kepekatan NaOH (0-0.3N), kepekatan asid asetik (0.025-0.125
N), masa pengekstrakan (2-4 jam) dan pengekstrakan suhu (40-80°C) telah dipilih sebagai parameter tidak bersandar untuk tujuan ini. Parameter bersandar diukur melalui pemulihan hidroksiprolin. Keadaan optimum bagi pengekstrakan diperoleh dengan pra-perlakuan NaOH 0.2 N dan 0.1 N asid asetik dan pengekstrakan dengan menggunakan air panas pada suhu 63.7°C selama 2.41 jam. Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa respons yang diramalkan oleh RSM (68.53%) menghampiri nilai uji kaji, iaitu 68.16%. Keputusan menunjukkan ekstrak gelatin mempunyai kekuatan gel (438 g) dan mengandungi asid imino yang tinggi (prolin dan hidroksiprolin)
(18.01%) dengan nilai kelikatan 4.67 mPa s. Ini menunjukkan bahawa RSM adalah kaedah yang efisien digunakan untuk mengoptimumkan pengeluaran gelatin daripada kulit ikan keli pangasius. Gelatin daripada kulit ikan keli juga telah terbukti mempunyai kualiti fizik-kimia yang lebih tinggi secara signifikan (p<0.05) berbanding gelatin daripada kulit lembu.
Kata kunci: Ciri fizikokimia; gelatin; ikan keli pangasius; kaedah permukaan respons; pengoptimuman
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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: salma_my@ukm.edu.my
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