Sains Malaysiana 44(9)(2015): 1229–1239

Kepentingan Sistem Maklumat Geografi (GIS) dan Penderiaan Jauh dalam Pemeliharaan Habitat Populasi Burung Hijrah di Hutan Paya Laut Matang, Perak

(The Importance of Geographic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing in Protecting

Migratory Bird Habitat Population at Matang Mangrove Forest, Perak)

AZIMAH ABD RAHMAN*

Pusat Pengajian Sains Kajihayat, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 1 September 2014/Diterima: 4 Mei 2015

ABSTRAK

Kedatangan spesies burung hijrah ke Hutan Paya Laut Matang, Perak merupakan suatu fenomena unik dan amat berpotensi untuk dikomersialkan. Namun begitu sejak sepuluh tahun kebelakangan ini kedatangan spesies burung hijrah ke kawasan ini mencatatkan penurunan yang membimbangkan. Pembangunan di sekitar kawasan Hutan Paya Laut Matang dikenal pasti menjadi faktor utama penurunan ini. Selain itu, pengurusan dan pemantauan terhadap spesies burung hijrah yang tidak bersistematik juga menyumbang kepada permasalahan ini. Kaedah pengurusan dan pemantauan burung hijrah secara konvensional masih diamalkan oleh Jabatan Perhilitan (DWNP) dalam merekod data dan maklumat yang diperoleh. Oleh itu kajian ini dilakukan dengan memperkenalkan pendekatan teknologi Sistem Maklumat Geografi (GIS) dan Penderiaan Jauh sebagai aplikasi utama yang dapat membantu dalam memperbaiki pengurusan dan pematauan burung hijrah. Aplikasi GIS digunakan dalam memetakan data parameter kajian yang diperoleh menggunakan perisian yang bersesuaian iaitu ArcGIS 10.1 dan Penderiaan Jauh digunakan untuk memodelkan parameter kajian menggunakan aplikasi dalam perisian ERDAS Imagine 8.5. Sebanyak enam parameter kajian digunakan dalam kajian ini iaitu suhu, taburan hujan, makanan, ketinggian, gunatanah dan liputan tanah. Pemodelan setiap parameter kajian ini membolehkan kesan setiap parameter kajian terhadap taburan burung hijrah dalam suatu kawasan ditunjukkan dalam bentuk pemetaan. Hasil pemodelan ini juga membolehkan parameter yang terpenting dan paling mempengaruhi taburan burung hijrah bagi kawasan Hutan Paya Laut Matang dikenal pasti. Maklumat ini membolehkan DWNP lebih memahami keperluan burung hijrah dalam pemilihan habitat mereka. Selain itu, hasil pemodelan ini membantu DWNP dalam mengatur strategi pelaksanaan program pemeliharaan dan pemuliharaan di kawasan sekitar Hutan Paya Laut Matang bagi memastikan kedatangan spesies burung hijrah secara berterusan.

Kata kunci: ArcGIS 10.1; burung hijrah; ERDAS Imagine 8.5; Hutan Paya Laut Matang; Penderiaan Jauh; Perak; Sistem Maklumat Geografi (GIS)

ABSTRACT

The arrival of migratory bird species to Matang Mangrove Forest, Perak is a unique phenomenon and had a great potential for commercialization. However, for the last ten years the arrival of migratory bird species to this area has alarming decline. The development around Matang Mangrove Forest was identified as the main factor of this problem. Then, the lack of management and monitoring of migratory bird species that are not systematic enough also contribute to this problem. Conventional method still practiced in survey and bird monitoring by the Department of Wild Life and National Park (DWNP) for data and information recorded purpose. Therefore, this study is needed to introduce the Geographic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing technology as the main approach that can help in improving the management and monitoring of migratory birds. GIS applications were used in mapping data of study parameters that were collected using the appropriate software like ArcGIS 10.1 and remote sensing was used to model the parameter study using ERDAS Imagine 8.5 software. Six parameters was used in this study including temperature, rainfall, food, elevation, land use and land cover. Parameters modeling are able to show the distribution of migratory bird in certain location using mapping interpretation. The result of this modeling help to identify the important parameter that affect the migratory bird distribution in Matang Mangrove Forest. This information also enables DWNP to understand more about migratory bird needs in their habitat selection. Besides that, this modeling result can assist DWNP to set up an implementation strategy to protect and preserve Matang Mangrove Forest in ensuring continuous arrival of migratory bird in future.

Keywords: ArcGIS 10.1; ERDAS Imagine 8.5; Geographic Information System (GIS); Matang Mangrove Forest; migratory bird; Perak; Remote Sensing

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: azimahilyasa@gmail.com