Sains Malaysiana 44(9)(2015): 1241–1248

Taxonomic Diversity of Paradise Threadfin Polynemus paradiseus (Linnaeus, 1758) Inhabiting Southern Coastal Rivers in Bangladesh

(Kepelbagaian Taksonomi Polynemus paradiseus (Linnaeus, 1758) Mendiami Selatan Pesisir Sungai di Bangladesh

MD. REAZ CHAKLADER¹, MUHAMMAD ABU BAKAR SIDDIK^1,2* & ASHFAQUN NAHAR³

¹Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali - 8602, Bangladesh

²Curtin Aquatic Research Laboratory, Curtin University of Technology, WA 6102

Australia

³Department of Marine Fisheries and Oceanography, Patuakhali Science and Technology University,

Patuakhali - 8602, Bangladesh

Diserahkan: 19 November 2014/Diterima: 6 Mei 2015

ABSTRACT

The study was aimed to determine the variation in taxonomic diversity of Polynemus paradiseus based on morphometric and meristic analyses of samples collected from three coastal rivers of Bangladesh (Payra, Tentulia and Kirtonkhola). A total of 105 individuals ranging at 10-20 cm in total length (TL) and 7.91-60.64 g in body weight (BW) were sampled using Been nets and Kachal and Veshal nets. Significant differences were observed in 24 out of 25 morphometric measurements and 6 out of 10 meristic counts among the populations. In morphometric measurements, the first discriminant function (DF1) was accounted for 78.6% and the second discriminant function (DF2) was accounted for 21.4% of among groups variability, explaining 100% of total among group variability. A dendrogram based on morphometric data showed that the Tentulia and Kirtankhola populations showed high degree of overlapping and these two populations were highly different from Payra river population. The canonical graph also showed that the populations of Tentulia and Kirtankhola rivers were more closely related comparing with Payra river population for isometric condition. These findings may provide useful information for the conservation and sustainable management of this important fish.

Keywords: Coastal river; meristic; morphometric; Polynemus paradiseus; taxonomic diversity

ABSTRAK

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan perubahan dalam kepelbagaian taksonomi Polynemus paradiseus berasaskan morfometrik dan analisis meristik untuk sampel yang diambil dari tiga pesisir Sungai di Bangladesh (Payra, Tentulia dan Kirtonkhola). Sejumlah 105 individu berjulat antara 10-20 cm jumlah panjang (TL) dan 7.91-60.64 g berat badan (BW) disampel menggunakan net Been serta net Kachal dan Veshal. Terdapat perbezaan ketara dalam 24 daripada 25 ukuran morfometrik dan 6 daripada 10 bilangan meristik diperhatikan antara populasi. Dalam pengukuran morfometrik, fungsi diskriminan pertama (DF1) telah menyumbang sebanyak 78.6% dan fungsi diskriminan kedua (DF2) 21.4% daripada kalangan kebolehubahan kumpulan, menjelaskan 100% jumlah keseluruhan kebolehubahan kumpulan. Dendrogram berdasarkan data morfometrik menunjukkan bahawa populasi Tentulia dan Kirtankhola mempunyai tahap bertindih tertinggi dan sangat berbeza daripada populasi Sungai Payra. Graf berkanon juga menunjukkan bahawa populasi Sungai Tentulia dan Kirtankhola lebih berkait berbanding dengan populasi Sungai Payra dalam keadaan isometrik. Penemuan ini boleh memberikan maklumat yang berguna untuk pemuliharaan dan pengurusan mapan untuk ikan penting ini.

Kata kunci: Kepelbagaian taksonomi; meristik; morfometrik; pesisir sungai; Polynemus paradiseus

RUJUKAN

Afroz, T. & Alam, S. 2013. Sustainable shrimp farming in Bangladesh: A quest for an integrated coastal zone management. Ocean & Coastal Management 71: 275-283.

Ahamed, F., Hossain, M.Y., Fulanda, B., Ahmed, Z.F. & Ohtomi, J. 2012. Indiscriminate exploitation of wild prawn post-larvae in the coastal region of Bangladesh: A threat to the fisheries resources, community livelihoods and biodiversity. Ocean & Coastal Management 66: 56-62.

Ahmed, N., Occhipinti-Ambrogi, A., James, F. & Muir, R. 2013. The impact of climate change on prawn post-larvae fishing in coastal Bangladesh: Socioeconomic and ecological perspectives. Marine Policy 39: 224-233.

Alam, M.F. & Thomson, K.J. 2001. Current constraints and future possibilities for Bangladesh fisheries. Food Policy 26(3): 297-313.

Allendorf, F.W. & Phelps, S.R. 1988. Loss of genetic variation in hatchery stock of cutthroat trout. Trans. Am. Fish Soc. 109: 537-543.

Belton, B., Asseldonk, I.J.M. & Thilsted, S.H. 2014. Faltering fisheries and ascendant aquaculture: Implications for food and nutrition security in Bangladesh. Food Policy 44: 77-87.

Cabral, H.N., Marques, J.F., Rego, A.L., Catarino, A.I., Figueiredo, J. & Garcia, J. 2003. Genetic and morphological variation of Synaptura lusitanica Capello, 1868, along the Portuguese coast. Journal of Sea Research 50(2-3): 167-175.

Cadrin, S.X. 2000. Advances in morphometric identification of fishery stocks. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 10(1): 91-112.

Coad, B.W. 1980. Environmental change and its impact on the freshwater fishes of Iran. Biological Conservation 19: 51-80.

Diego, J.V., Emelio, B.G., Eleonora, V.R. & Abril, P.K. 2014. Variation in taxonomic diversity of the fish assemblage associated with soft bottoms in San Ignacio Lagoon, Baja California Sur, Mexico. Journal of Biodiversity, Bioprospecting and Development 1(2): 1000118.

Elliott, N.G., Haskard, K. & Koslow, J.A. 1995. Morphometric analysis of orange roughly (Hoplostethus atlanticus) of the continental slope of Southern Australia. Journal of Fish Biology 46: 202-220.

Haniffa, M.A., Abiya, J.S., Milton, J., Ramesh, K., Bhat, A.A. & Chelliah, A. 2014. Morphometric, meristic and ISSR marker systems for species identification and evolutionary analysis in five Indian Channids. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 55: 131-136.

Hoq, M.E. 2007. An analysis of fisheries exploitation and management practices in Sundarbans mangrove ecosystem, Bangladesh. Ocean & Coastal Management 50(5-6): 411- 427.

Hossain, M.A.R., Nahiduzzaman, M., Saha, D., Khanam, U.H. & Alam, M.S. 2010. Landmark-based morphometric and meristic variations of the endangered carp, kalibaus Labeo calbasu, from stocks of two isolated rivers, the Jamuna and Halda, and a hatchery. Zoological Studies 49(4): 556-563.

Hossain, M.M., Islam, M.A., Ridgway, S. & Matsuishi, T. 2006. Management of inland open water fisheries resources of Bangladesh: Issues and options. Fisheries Research 77(3): 275-284.

Hossain, M.S. 2001. Biological aspects of the coastal and marine environment of Bangladesh. Ocean & Coastal Management 44(3-4): 261-282.

Islam, M.S. 2003. Perspectives of the coastal and marine fisheries of the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh. Ocean & Coastal Management 46: 763-796.

Khayyami, H., Movahedinia, A., Zolgharnein, H. & Salamat, N. 2014. Morphological variability of Liza aurata (Risso, 1810), along the southern Caspian Sea. The Journal of Basic & Applied Zoology 67(3): 100-107.

Konan, K.T., Adepo-Gourene, A.B., Konan, K.M. & Gourene, G. 2014. Morphological differentiation among species of the genus Mugil Linnaeus, 1758 (Mugilidae) from Cote d’Ivoire. Turkish Journal of Zoology 38: 273-284.

Kurata, H., 1975. Environmental conditions. Feeding and Growth of Larval Fish. Koseishakoseikaku, Tokyo: The Japanese Society of Fisheries. pp. 45-46.

Mir, F.A., Mir, J.I. & Chandra, S. 2013. Phenotypic variation in the nnow trout Schizothorax richardsonii (Gray, 1832) (Actinopterygii: Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) from the Indian Himalayas. Contributions to Zoology 82(3): 115-122.

Mohaddasi, M., Shabanipour, N. & Abdolmaleki, S. 2013. Morphometric variation among four populations of Shemaya (Alburnus chalcoides) in the south of Caspian Sea using truss network. The Journal of Basic & Applied Zoology 66(2): 87-92.

Motomura, H., Kullander, S.O., Yoshino T. & Iwatsuki, Y. 2002. Review of seven-spined Polynemus species (Perciformes: Polynemidae) with designation of a neotype for Polynemus paradiseus Linnaeus, 1758. Ichthyological Research 49(4): 307-317.

Murshed-e-Jahan, K., Belton, B. & Viswanathan, K.K. 2014. Communication strategies for managing coastal fisheries conflicts in Bangladesh. Ocean & Coastal Management 92: 65-73.

Nahar, A., Siddik, M.A.B., Alam, M.A., Ahsan, M.E. & Chaklader, M.R. 2014. Population genetic structure of paradise threadfin Polynemus paradiseus (Linnaeus, 1758) revealed by allozyme marker. World Journal of Zoology 9(4): 260-266.

Pinheiro, A., Teixeira, C.M., Rego, A.L., Marques, J.F., Henrique, N. & Cabral. 2005. Genetic and morphological variation of Solea lascaris (Risso, 1810) along the Portuguese coast. Fisheries Research 73(1-2): 67-78.

Rahman, A.K.A. 2005. Freshwater Fishes of Bangladesh. 2nd ed. Zoological Society of Bangladesh, Department of Zoology, University of Dhaka. p. 293.

Sajina, A.M., Chakraborty, Jaiswar, S.K., Pazhayamadam, A.K. & Sudheesan, D.G. 2011. Stock structure analysis of Megalaspis cordyla (Linnaeus, 1758) along the Indian coast based on truss network analysis. Fisheries Research 108(1): 100-105.

Salini, J.P., Milton, D.A., Rahman, M.J. & Hussain, M.G. 2004. Allozyme and morphological variation throughout the geographic range of the tropical shad, hilsa Tenualosa ilisha. Fisheries Research 66(1): 53-69.

Scheimer, S.M. 1993. Genetics and evolution of phenotypic plasticity. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 24: 35-68.

Schreck, C.B. & Moyle, P.B. 1990. Methods for Fish Biology. Bethesda: American Fisheries Society. p. 684.

Sedaghat, S., Hosseini, S.A. & Abdol, A.F. 2012. Morphometric and meristic characteristics studies of Loach, Paracobitis malapterurus (Valenciennes, 1846) in the Zarrin-Gol River, East of the Elburz Mountains (Northern Iran). American- Eurasian Journal of Agriculture & Environmental Science 12(10): 1282-1287.

Siddik, M.A.B., Nahar, A., Ahamed, F., Masood, Z. & Hossain, M.Y. 2013. Conservation of critically endangered olive barb Puntius sarana (Hamilton, 1822) through artificial propagation. Our Nature 11(2): 96-104.

Swain, D.P. & Foote, C.J. 1999. Stocks and chameleons: The use of phenotypic variation in stock identification. Fisheries Research 43: 1123-1128.

Swain, D.P., Ridell, B.E. & Murray, C.B. 1991. Morphological differences between hatchery and wild populations of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch): Environmental versus genetic origin. Canadian Journal of Fish and Aquatic Sciences 48: 1783-1791.

Talwar, P.K. & Jhingran, A.G. 1991. Inland Fishes of India and Adjacent Countries. Vol. 2. New Delhi-Calcutta: Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd. pp. 911-912.

Turan, C., Oral, M., Öztürk, B. & Düzgüneş, E. 2006. Morphometric and meristic variation between stocks of bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix) in the Black, Marmara, Aegean and northeastern Mediterranean Seas. Fisheries Research 79(1-2): 139-147.

Veasey, E.A., Schammass, E.A., Vencovsky, R., Martins, P.S. & Bandel, G. 2001. Germplasm characterization of Sesbania accessions based on multivariate analyses. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 48: 79-90.

Wimberger, P.H. 1992. Plasticity of fish body shape - the effects of diet, development, family and age in two species of Geophagus (Pisces: Cichlidae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 45: 197-218.

*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: m.siddik@student.curtin.edu.au