Sains Malaysiana 44(9)(2015): 1301–1307

Effect of Preparation and Extraction Parameters of Banana (Musa balbisiana cv. Saba) Inflorescence on their Antibacterial Activities

(Kesan Penyediaan dan Parameter Pengekstrakan Jantung Pisang (Musa balbisiana cv. Saba) ke atas Aktiviti Antibakteria)

HOE SENG TIN¹, BIRDIE SCOTT PADAM¹, CHARLES S. VAIRAPPAN², MOHD ISMAIL ABDULLAH¹ & FOOK YEE CHYE¹*

¹Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS

88450 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah Negeri di Bawah Bayu, Malaysia

²Institute of Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS

88450 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah Negeri di Bawah Bayu, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 22 Julai 2014/Diterima: 25 Mei 2015

ABSTRACT

The study aimed to determine the influence of sample preparation and extraction parameters on the antibacterial activity of inflorescences from banana (Musa balbisiaba cv. Saba). Banana inflorescences were extracted using various solvent extractions and tested for antibacterial activity using agar-well diffusion assay against gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes and Brochothrix thermosphacta) and gram-negative bacteria (Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella enteritidis, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Enterobacter sakazakii, Yersinia enterocolitica and Vibrio parahaemolyticus) The effects of geographical origin, drying methods and extraction parameters (sample-to-solvent ratio, extraction time and temperature as well as methanol to solvent ratio) on antibacterial activity of the banana by-product were carried out. Among all the extracts evaluated, methanolic extract from the buds showed significant higher inhibitory against all gram positive bacteria ranging from 12.56-13.54 mm. Interestingly, no significant different (p>0.05) was observed on the effect of geographical origin as well as extraction methods on the antibacterial capacity. Meanwhile, the extracts produced from 50°C oven dried sample seem to have comparable antibacterial activity with the freeze dried samples. Extraction parameters (sample-to-solvent ratio, extraction time and temperature as well as methanol to solvent ratio) were found responsible in determining the efficacy of the antibacterial. In conclusion, methanolic extracts from banana inflorescence buds could be a new source of natural antibacterial and further bioassay guided fractionation should be carried out to determine the bioactive compounds and their biological activities.

Keywords: Antibacterial; banana by-product; extraction methods; methanolic

ABSTRAK

Kajian ini bertujuan menentukan pengaruh penyediaan sampel dan faktor pengekstrakan ke atas aktiviti antibakteria jantung pisang (Musa balbisiaba cv. Saba). Jantung pisang telah diekstrak dengan menggunakan pelbagai pelarut dan diuji untuk aktiviti antibakteria menggunakan kaedah penyerapan agar terhadap bakteria gram positif (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes dan Brochothrix thermosphacta) dan bakteria gram negatif (Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella enteritidis, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Enterobacter sakazakii, Yersinia enterocolitica dan Vibrio parahaemolyticus). Kesan sampel yang diperoleh daripada kedudukan geografi, kaedah pengeringan dan kaedah pengekstrakan (nisbah sampel-ke-pelarut, masa pengekstrakan dan suhu serta metanol kepada nisbah air) yang berbeza ke atas aktiviti antibakteria produk sampingan pisang telah dilakukan. Ekstrak metanolik jantung pisang didapati memberikan kesan perencatan yang lebih kuat secara signifikan terhadap bakteria gram positif dengan julat 12.56-13.54 mm. Tidak ada perbezaan yang signifikan (p>0.05) diperhatikan kepada pengaruhan kedudukan geografi dan kaedah pengekstrakan ke atas kapasiti antibakteria. Sementara itu, ekstrak yang dihasilkan melalui pengeringan ketuhar pada suhu 50°C didapati mempunyai kesan antibakteria yang setara dengan sampel yang dikering sejukbeku. Faktor pengekstrakan (nisbah sampel-ke-pelarut, pengaruh masa dan suhu serta metanol kepada nisbah pelarut) didapati mempengaruhi kesan aktiviti antibakteria ini. Secara kesimpulannya, ekstrak metanolik daripada jantung pisang berpotensi dijadikan sumber baru antibakteria semula jadi dan kajian lanjut harus dilakukan untuk menentukan sebatian bioaktif serta aktiviti biologi mereka.

Kata kunci: Antibakteria; kaedah pengekstrakan; metanolik; produk sampingan pisang

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: fychye@ums.edu.my