Sains Malaysiana 44(9)(2015): 1309–1313

Eye Movement Analysis during Activities of Daily Living (ADL) among Fully Sighted School Children

(Analisis Pergerakan Mata Semasa Aktiviti Rutin Harian dalam Kalangan Pelajar Sekolah dengan Penglihatan Normal)

ANIS SUZANNA MOHAMAD*, RIFIZATI BUYONG, NORLIZA MOHAMAD FADZIL, ZAINORA MOHAMMED & MIZHANIM MOHAMAD SHAHIMIN

Optometry and Visual Science Programme, School of Healthcare Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,  Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 18 April 2013/Diterima: 25 Mei 2015

ABSTRACT

Eye movement is one of the most important mechanisms that function to collect the information from the environment to stimulate the motor action and thus enable a person to perform daily activities. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether eye movement parameters when performing activities of daily living (ADL) is affected by learning effect when the ADL were repeated. Thirteen school children aged between 15 and 19 years old (mean 16.31±1.89 years) participated in this study. They undergone two evaluations, baseline and follow up, separated by at least 10 weeks. The evaluation included assessment of visual acuity at near and distance using Lighthouse reduced ETDRS chart and Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy (ETDRS) chart, respectively; eye movement parameters (task duration, saccade latency and number of saccades) while performing ADL (identifying colours, coins and food) were recorded using Positive Science Portable LLC eye tracker. The mean value for the visual acuity at distance and near for baseline and follow up were logMAR -0.05±0.05 and logMAR -0.05±0.05, respectively. The results showed that comparison of eye movement parameters for performance of ADL at baseline and follow up were not statistically significant. Therefore, the findings of this study suggested that learning effect is not a factor that will influence change in eye movement parameters when performing ADL. These findings implied some benefit in using eye movement parameters for example to evaluate performance of ADL when given intervention in persons with nystagmus.

Keywords: Activities of daily living (ADL); eye movements; learning effect; saccadic eye movements

ABSTRAK

Pergerakan mata adalah salah satu mekanisme yang paling penting yang berfungsi untuk mengumpul maklumat dari persekitaran untuk merangsang tindakan motor dan dengan itu membolehkan seseorang melakukan aktiviti harian. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk mengkaji sama ada parameter pergerakan mata ketika melakukan aktiviti kehidupan harian (ADL) terjejas dengan kesan pembelajaran apabila ADL diulang. Tiga belas kanak-kanak sekolah berumur antara 15 dan 19 tahun (min 16,31±1.89 tahun) telah mengambil bahagian dalam kajian ini. Semua subjek menjalani dua penilaian asas dan susulan dalam tempoh sekurang-kurangnya 10 minggu. Penilaian yang dilakukan termasuk akuiti penglihatan dekat dan jauh masing-masing menggunakan carta ‘Lighthouse reduced ETDRS’ dan carta Rawatan Awal Diabetik Retinopati (ETDRS); parameter pergerakan mata (tempoh aktiviti, latensi sakad dan bilangan sakad) semasa menjalankan ADL (mengenal pasti warna, duit syiling dan makanan) telah direkodkan menggunakan mesin penjejak mata mudah alih LLC. Nilai min untuk akuiti penglihatan pada jauh dan dekat untuk lawatan penanda aras dan lawatan susulan masing-masing adalah logMAR -0.05±0.05. Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa tiada perubahan signifikan secara statistik antara parameter pergerakan mata semasa ADL pada lawatan penanda aras dan lawatan susulan. Oleh itu, hasil kajian ini mencadangkan bahawa kesan pembelajaran bukanlah merupakan faktor yang akan mempengaruhi perubahan dalam parameter pergerakan mata apabila melakukan ADL. Penemuan ini memberi faedah dalam menggunakan parameter pergerakan mata sebagai contoh di dalam kajian untuk menilai prestasi ADL apabila diberi rawatan pemulihan dalam kalangan pesakit nistagmus.

Kata kunci: Aktiviti rutin harian; kesan pembelajaran; pergerakan mata; pergerakan mata sakadik

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: anis.suzanna@yahoo.com